How to Gloss - Information about ASL PDF

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Information about ASL...

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ASL Basic Grammar Rules Subject/Verb/Object (SVO)

Follows English word order. NMS matches emotion. Example: smile/nod

I LIKE DOGS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Topic/Comment Topic precedes the comment. NMS eyebrows up on the topic, NMS matches the emotion on the comment. Example: ___t___smile/nod

DOGS I LIKE. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Non-Manual Signals What your face and body are doing—showing grammar markers through eyebrow and mouth movements and showing emotion through facial expressions. Your NMS is your “tone of voice” in ASL. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yes/No Question (_q_ or _y/n-q_) Order of the signs is variable. NMS eyebrows up the whole time. There is no DO… Example:

_________q_________

YOU LIKE DOGS? ________y/n-q_______

DOGS YOU LIKE? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Closing Signal Repeat the pronoun at the end of a sentence to show you are done signing. Example: ___t___ smile/nod

DOGS I LIKE I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Question Mark Use as a closing signal or to show that anyone in the group may answer the question. DO NOT use with a wh-q. Example: YOU LIKE DOG? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wh Question (_wh-q_ or _whq_) Sign order follows topic/comment with the question word at the end. NMS eyebrows up on the topic and down on the question word. ___t___

__whq__

Example: DOGS YOU LIKE WHY? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASL Basic Grammar Rules Negation (_n_ or _neg_)

Adding NO, NOT, NONE or NEVER to a sentence to make it negative or adding a negative incorporation of a sign like DON’T-WANT, DON’T-LIKE, DON’T-KNOW. Put _n_ or _neg_ above the negative sign or the whole sentence. ___t___

___ neg ___ _whq_

Example: DOGS YOU NOT-LIKE WHY? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Directional Signs Signs that move from where the action begins to where the action ends. Ex: HELP-ME, TELL-YOU, PHONE-YOU, etc. These signs are hyphenated to show one sign with movement, but multiple English words. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tense Time signs come first in the sentence to set up when something happened. NMS eyebrows up on the time. Example: ↑ _neg_ Time with SVO: TOMORROW I NOT BUY DOG. ↑ ___t___ Time with T/C: TOMORROW DOG I BUY. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rhetorical ? (_rq_ or _rh-q_) Acts as a conjunction connecting two short sentences or gets rid of the English word BECAUSE. NMS eyebrows up on the question word. Also, include any other necessary NMS to match emotion. Example: ___t___

_rq_

T/C with Rhetorical ?: DOGS I LIKE WHY THEY NICE. _rq_

SVO with Rhetorical ?: I LIKE DOGS WHY THEY NICE. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Initialization Using a letter handshape to narrow a broad topic. Examples: CLASS, FAMILY, TEAM, GROUP MATH; ALGEBRA; GEOMETRY; TRIGONOMETRY; CALCULU SCIENCE; BIOLOGY; CHEMISTRY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agent Marker (am)

Adding the PERSON sign to a verb to make a noun.

ASL Basic Grammar Rules Examples: COOK + agent marker = CHEF TEACH + agent marker = TEACHER LEARN + agent marker = STUDENT DANCE + agent marker = DANCER When glossing write the word in full: TEACHER, DANCER, STUDENT, CHEF There are some signs that do not require the AM like SECRETARY, PRESIDENT, POLICE OFFICER, FIREMAN, DOCTOR, NURSE, DENTIST. You will need to memorize these exceptions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rule of Nine Incorporating a number into an age or time base sign to change the duration or amount of time. Use numbers 2-9 only. Examples: OLD+4; OLD+2; TIME+6; TIME+9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dollar Twist Numbers 1-9 twist from palm out to palm in—no $ sign is used. $ Signs 10 +

Sign the number then the dollar sign.

Cents

Sign the number then the CENT sign or the CENT sign then the number.

Dollar/Cent Combinations

For number combinations follow the $ rules above, but do not use the CENT sign. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Age Spot… is at the chin. Ages 1-9

start with the index finger at the chin and pull down into the number.

Ages 10+

start with the index finger or with the age sign and pull down into the number.

Ages 13, 14, and 15

have a special movement. Place the appropriate number hand shape on the chin and pull down before making the number hand shape movement.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Time Spot…

is at the wrist.

ASL Basic Grammar Rules

Times 1-9

start with the number hand shape at the wrist and pull up.

Times 10-12

start with the index finger on the time spot and pull up into the number hand shape.

a.m. and p.m. are made with the MORNING and EVENING signs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Conditional Sentences (cond or if) If, then statements NMS?

Eyebrows up on the entire condition; NMS on then statement matches the intended emotion. Put _cond_ or _if_ above the condition in the sentence.

______cond↑______ IF BOB SHOW-UP, I LEAVE. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Possessives Use the POSS sign or the ‘S twist. The ‘S is an English sign, but used. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FINISH Can be used as a question to ask if someone is finished with a task. Can be used to show that something has been done already Can be used as a conjunction in place of THEN, NEXT, etc. _fish_

NMS mouth the word “fish” while signing FINISH --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reference Points Using dexis (IX) to place things in your signing space --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------POW! Hit with a sickness or something unexpected that is positive or negative --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Number Types Numbers: 1-1,000,000 Ordinals: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Listing: Use the correct number handshape when listing Money: Dollar Twist, Dollar Sign and Cents Pronouns: up to 8 Ages: Use Rule of 9 Times: Uses Rule of 9 Contrastive Structure

Shoulder shifting to compare two like things

ASL Basic Grammar Rules Set up the two things/persons first and place them to the left and right. Use shoulder shifting to compare them using pronoun placement --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Classifier is a hand shape that adds details to a situation by representing the size, shape and/or movement of a noun DCL: descriptive (describes an object or a person) LCL: Locative (representing an object in a place) SCL: Semantic (vehicle or person) BCL: Body (classifier enacts the verb) ICL: Instrument (part of the body manipulates an object, like turning a crank) BPCL: Body part classifier (foot tapping) PCL: Plural classifier (long line of people) ECL: Element (water dripping) Some examples are

CL3: wheeled vehicles CL1: people up to 5 CL^: legs or eyes Remember when glossing a classifier the classifier is in upper case letters and what the classifier represents is in lower case letters: WOW, CL4: long line THERE.

Classifiers are a huge part of ASL and make the language pictorial instead of mundane. Mastering them can be challenging, but doing so will increase fluency. Classifiers are taught in every level of ASL classes in every text book used. Each book may label the classifiers differently, but usage will be the same. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Recurring Sign Used when something happens again and again at a different time. Time signs in English begin with EVERY… A specific movement is added to the time sign and at times the movement of the activity sign must be modified as well. For example: ↑ EVERY-MORNING I THROW-UP++. Time sign slides

THROW-UP is repeated in short, abrupt movements

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Continuous Sign

Used when something happens for an extended period of time. Time signs in English begin with ALL… A specific

ASL Basic Grammar Rules movement is added to the time sign and at times the movement of the activity sign must be modified as well. ↑

ALL-MORNING I THROW-UP-cont. Time sign slides

THROW-UP is repeated in a circular motion

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When Clause This is a time clause. It begins with statements like, “When I was …” or “In 1998…” or “When _________ happened…” _when_

Three types

Age:

OLD+5 START SCHOOL. When I was 5-years-old I started school.

_when_

Year: 1984 HIGH SCHOOL I GRADUATE. In 1984 I graduated from high school.

______when______

Event: COLLEGE FINISH GOOD JOB OFFER. When I finished college I got a good job offer.

The appropriate NMS?

Eyebrows are up on the entire When Clause because the when clause is a time phrase so it functions like the Tense grammar structure. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unexpected Change !WRONG! The WRONG sign twists as it comes up to the face. It has a negative connotation. ______________↑____________ COLLEGE SOPHOMORE YEAR !WRONG! DAD SICK POW! CANCER DROP-OUT MUST. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Role Shifting (rs) Shifting from side to side to adopt the character of the person signing. This eliminates the repetitive, “He said, she said.” This eliminates unnecessary English words and makes signing not only more concise, but more pictorial as well. This feature of the language fits into ASL story telling and is a purer form of ASL than signing, “HE SAID …” or “SHE SAID …”...