HSC 215 Practice Test - Olivia Riley PDF

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Name Date HSC 215 SI: Exam 1 Practice Test Chapters Covered: 1 (Intro to Physiology), 2 (Cell Physiology), 3 (Membrane Potential), 4 (Neural Communication) *Note: This practice test should not be used as a main source of study. Use chapter reviews to study the most. MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Circle the best choice possible. The answers will be provided at the next SI sessions - bring a friend and your questions with you! 1)

In blood-glucose regulation, which organ would be classified as the "sensor" in the homeostatic mechanism? a) Bone marrow b) Hemoglobin c) Pancreas d) Lysosomes e) Mitochondria

2) Osmosis involves the diffusion of ________ a) Solutes b) Solvents c) Solutions

d) NaCl

e) H2O

3) Due to diffusion, water moves towards the greater ________ concentration; Water also moves from a ____ to ______ water concentration a) Solute, low, high b) Solvents, high, low c) Solute, high, low d) Solvent, high, low 4) The Electron Transport Chain occurs (pick the best answer) a) In the cytosol b) In the mitochondria c) In the intramembranous space d) 2 of the above e) All of the above 5) The resting membrane potential of a neuron is a) -70 V b) 3 V c) 70 mV

d) -70 mV

e) 70V

Refer to graph for questions 5 – 7

6) In the above figure, Point “D” represents: a) Repolarization b) Depolarization

c) Hyperpolarization

d) Resting membrane potential

7) True or False: The sodium permeability (PNa+) > potassium permeability (PK+) at Point “D.” 8) At Point “B”: a) K+ is rushing into the cell b) Na+ is rushing into the cell 1 of 4

Name Date c) K+ is rushing out of the cell d) Na+ rushing out of cell 9) RNA polymerase is: a) Produced by anaerobic glycolysis b) Found embedded in perioxisomes c) Transcription enzyme d) ATP enzyme e) Specialized CAM 10) During transcription, the complimentary RNA copy ____ corresponds with the DNA base ____. a) A – U b) T – A c) U – A d) A – T e) C & D 11) DNA is held together by weak ________, which allows the enzyme ________ to “unzip it” to expose its genetic information in the form of its ________. a) Hydrogen bonds, RNA polymerase, ribose sugars b) Ionic bonds, GLUT , deoxyribose sugars c) Hydrogen bonds, helicase, nitrogenous bases d) Covalent bonds, helicase, creatine kinase e) None of the above 12) This substance’s primary function is to provide the plasma membrane with stability/rigidity: a) Cholesterol b) Chromosomes c) Chromatin d) Cytosine e) Crista galli 13) This hormone has the opposite effect of Calcitonin, therefore stimulating ________ activity. a) PTH, osteoblast b) PTH, osteoclast c) GLUT, glucose d) GLUT, insulin e) None of the above 14) A cell in a ________ solution will ________: a) Hypertonic, swell b) Isotonic, lyse c) Isotonic, crenate d) Hypotonic, crenate e) None of the above 15) If the Sodium Potassium Pump is somehow inhibited/unable to perform its functions, then you will see a build up of ________ inside of the cell, and ________ outside of the cell. a) K+, Na+ b) Na+, K+ c) Electrons, Neutrons d) Glucose, Fructose e) None of the above 16) This is the RNA complimentary base pair to the DNA sequence of AAT-GCT a) GGC – AUC b) UUA – CGU c) UUA – CGA d) TTA – GCA e) None of the above 17) By definition, - - - , is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and is sometimes called the "Dynamic Equilibrium." a) Homeostasis b) Homogeneous C. Homo sapien D. Hulk Hogan 18) The term glycogenolysis refers to: a) Stored glucose b) Breaking glucose to produce ATP c) Turning glycogen back into glucose D. The hormone that is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells 19) The process where RNA polymerase uses the genetic information in DNA to assemble a strand of mRNA is: a) Translation b) Transcription c) Initiation d)Elongation 20) In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid, which is converted to a) acetyl-CoA b) lactic acid c) citric acid d) glycogen 21) The reason that water-soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is because: a) the presence of hydrophilic ends exposed to the solution b) the presence of channels too small for ions and molecules to enter c) the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane d) the presence of gated channels that close when ions are present

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Name Date 22) As a result of the sodium-potassium pump, 2 ____ are pumped in, and 3 ____ are pumped out, thus requiring ATP expenditure. a) K+, Na+ b) Na+, K+ c) K+, K+ d) steroids, glucose 23) Organelles: ________ “detoxify” cellular waste products using oxidative enzymes, whereas ______ “digest” cellular debris using hydrolytic enzymes. a) Perioxisomes, Mitochondria b) Perioxisomes, Lysosomes c) Lysosomes, Golgi Apparatus d) Lysosomes, Perioxisomes 24) During carrier mediated transport, if the transport molecule is completely saturated, it is said to have reached its __________. a) breaking point b) transmembrane potential c) phosphorylation limit d) transport maximum 25) Which of the following is not a type of RNA? a) mRNA b) rRNA c) uRNA d) tRNA 26) Osmotic pressure will be higher in areas of a) Greater solvent concentration b) Lesser solute concentrate c) Greater solute concentrations d) Isotonic solutions e) Non-polar molecules 27) How many FADH2 molecules are being made in glycolysis? a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 6 e) 0 d) 10 28) This ion is typically found in high concentration inside the cell at rest a) Phosphorus b) Phosphate c) Potassium d) Sulfur e) Sodium 29) The liquid portion of the cytoplasm can also be referred to as a) Cytosol b) Cellulose c) ECF d) ICF e) 2 of the above f) All of the above 30) In the electron transport chain, the production of ATP is a direct result of: a) NAD releasing hydrogen b) Carbon molecule being removed from citric acid c) Hydrogen ions being transported into the matrix through the ATP synthase channel d) Hydrogen combining with oxygen to form water 31) Which of the following statements are FALSE? a) Glucose is a 6 carbon molecule b) 6 NADH are produced in the Citric Acid Cycle from one molecule of glucose c) Pyruvic acid joins with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid d) Pyruvic acid can be converted to lactic acid in anaerobic conditions e) Acetyl CoA (2C molecule) combines with Oxaloacetic acid (4C molecule) to form Citric Acid (6C molecule) 32) If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in an isotonic solution a) There will be a net movement of water into the cell b) There will be a net movement of water outside of the cell c) The cell will lyse d) The cell will burst e) There will be no net movement of water 33) During depolarization, the membrane potential becomes more _________ and ________ to/from the resting membrane potential a) Negative, closer b) Positive, closer c) Positive, farther d) Negative, farther 34) Which type of electrical system follows the “all or nothing” principle? a) Graded potential b) Action potential c) Aerobic Glycolysis d) Gamma radiation 35) The “threshold potential” in neural cells is __________ ; when this voltage is reached, __________ will occur: a) -70 mV, action potentials b) -55 mV, graded potentials c) -90 mV, active transport d) -55 mV, action potential e) -55V, action potential 3 of 4

Name Date

36) Skeletal muscle tissue can be classified as being _________. a) Striated, involuntary b) Non-striated, involuntary c) Striated, voluntary d) Non-striated, involuntary 37) Action-potentials’ efficient conduction system is said to be ____________ because it arrives at its destination at full-strength a) Non-decremental b) Non-disjunction c) Non-conjunctiva d) Non-decreasing e) None of the above TRUE or FALSE (Correct each statement) 38) Glucose is the only molecule the can undergo metabolism.

TRUE or FALSE

39) Alpha cells in the pancreas release the hormone glucagon, which increase BG. 40) Insulin decreases glucose metabolism by inhibiting carrier molecules.

TRUE or FALSE TRUE or FALSE

41) Action potentials travel down the axons of neurons, carrying an electrical message. 42) Physiology refers to the structure of the body whereas anatomy refers to the function.

TRUE or FALSE TRUE or FALSE

43) Proteins have a limited amount of functions in the body because of their size, solubility, and polarity. or FALSE

TRUE

44) For every NADH molecule, approximately 3 ATP are made. TRUE or FALSE 45) Oxaloacetic acid is a 2 Carbon molecule.

TRUE or FALSE

46) Acetyl CoA is a 2 Carbon molecule. TRUE or FALSE 47) Facilitated diffusion is an active process (requires ATP) because it uses a carrier molecule. TRUE or FALSE 48) The Golgi apparatus has the primary function of defending the cell from pathogens and bacteria. TRUE or FALSE 49) The Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and performs the process of protein synthesis. or FALSE 50) The bases in RNA are “C”, “G”, “A”, and “U,” and in DNA “C,” “G”, “A,” and “T.”

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE

51) The greater the solute concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure/osmotic potential. TRUE or FALSE

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