HST110 Setp17 2019 PDF

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Summary

Notes detailing events on Sept 17...

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Progressive Era 1900-1916      

American Federation of Labor Theodore Roosevelt Socialist Party Henry Ford Industrial Workers of the World Emma Goldman

Overall Takeaway 1. Rise of National State 2. Dissent among labor 3. Roosevelts mentality for central power and control over social reform and business

American Federation of Labor Grew out of the Knights of Labor after they lost membership during haymarket affair Takes a different position of labor issues Limited goals after learning from the KoL Instead of utopian, they were the first “true” labor union Worked with owners to fight for better working and living conditions Membership was restricted to skilled workers Excluded most laborers (therefore had little effect) We start to see the early stages of unionism

Empire and Expansion US is starting to look outside of its boundaries US is emerging to world power; “destined to have great influence & control 1890’s Talk of taking Cuba, they wanted to increase trade Big companies were marketing abroad and making money because of trade Christian missionaries spread American Ideas & Christianity across the globe This gave women and African American’s jobs They thought that WASP’s had to help the inferior Argued for a strong naval fleet “we need to have a strong naval prescense on both side” Influenced James Blane, he urged the president to acquire Hawaii for naval Wanted Cuba/Caribbean for same reason

Cities at the time emerged rapidly Very fast migration from rural to urban cities Cities represented by modernization and the decline of American values Urbanization becomes the new American standards Photographers would go around and take pictures of cities to market them as “the new landscape”

Labor and Dissention Terrible working conditions; Child labor Muckrakers sought to expose corruption and greed Photos, novels and journals about labor, how much does the government need to interfere? Meat packing industry that in the beef, they would kill the cow and let meat sit out and go rotten Dead rats and rotten meat would go spoiled; was later sold as sausages Lewis Hine Took photographs of child laborers Images became very powerful

Immigration FIRST WAVE CAME AFTER COLONIES BETWEEN 1850-1880 Western EU: German, English, Polish, Then Irish Most were Protestant No issues because they already looked like Americans Separation of church and state was important

S ECOND “NEW” WAVE OF IMMIGRATION 19890-1930 Eastern and Southern EU: Italy, Russia, Hungary More resistance with second wave of immigration Lots of Nativism during this time “those people need to stay out, we’re Americans” Mexico, Japanese and Chinese came from the West By 1910, 60% of the people were not Americans They came for freedom, work, a new life When they came here, they met poverty, segregation, lower wages etc. If you quit your job, the owner might hire the next immigrant for 10c less Immigration GREATLY impacted urban landscape

Clustered ethnic neighborhoods, gain some cultural autonomy

Booming Consumerism People wanted stuff, and they now had money to buy stuff; factories were producing stuff All these goods and markets were starting to flourish 1910 – Electric sewing machines, vacuums, music players With all this time, women wanted to go into work force Car industry revolutionized the American Industry Created huge factories and a ton of new jobs First car patented by Mr. Benz

Henry Ford Very important to the factory labor conditions Machinist apprentice, worked as an engineer for Edison Through his apprenticeship, he figured out that multiple people could build cars Invented the modern assembly line Very important for car parts Ferrari’s are handmade therefore are more expensive Model T and Model A became affordable for a lot of people First car was sold for 316 dollars

Industrial Workers of the World Emerged in 1905, Chicago Represent all workers, and all races Anyone who’s an unskilled worker gets to be part of IWW Rejects all Class Collaborations Described the IWW “the first continental congress as the working class” Wanted to overthrow wage system for socialism Weren’t violent, but were a lot more disruptive and scared factory owners AFAL: For privileged skilled workers White male native born Excluded immigrants

IWW: Revolutionary Represented everyone Wanted to abolish state Big Bill Haywood led the group, was called the Most Dangerous Man in America

Socialist Party Rose out of NY in 1912? Marketed as very “progressive” Wanted: reform, free college, improved working conditions, infrastructure based, public owned railroads Court Reacts to Strikes Stat courts issued injunctions which stopped labor strikers from picketing, distributing, or even speaking during disputes Commission on Industrial Relations investigated many laws finding them unconstitutional

Femensism More women are working, have more time, attending leisure, talk to eachother & have ideas Women organize into groups like labor unions What they considered appropriate sexual behavior became very challenged What women wanted was to say no to sexual advances, inside marriage also Emma Goldman: Birth Control Spoke out about birth control, argued that women should have control over their own bodies Up until this point, women were expected to be head of household & have children Emma argued that maybe women don’t want that Gave speeches, pamphlets about BC Was very radical, used freedom to root her own argument in American Ideology Women started being able to have choices, have the decision to take birth control

Women’s Reform Suffrage movement became open to every class Roots for women’s rights to vote Was arguing for political & sexual equality Progressive Politics Everything in American life is becoming national

Corporations, public ownership, American and National League Baseball

Teddy Roosevelt William McKinley dies Roosevelt takes office @ 42 As president, he is very different than anything that the country has ever seen He is adventurous, firey, booming, very popular Very aggressive in both domestic and foreign affairs Took on the job of dealing with these issues Job was to protect the public Always struggle with what is better… Implements the square deal, distinguishes the good corps from the bad corps Bad corps are greedy financers Government gets involved in private businesses JP Morgan is furious that pres is enforcer Reelected in 1904 Wanted a more direct federal regulation in the economy Uses public opinion for his factor Very good @ working the crowd

Roosevelt: The American Man Teddy had a huge impact on what an American Man is He grew up in a Victorian family, very wealthy He was small, weak, sickly child Dressed a certain way in the Victorian era He was 5’10; made fun of and picked on a lot Called a girl, small When he got old enough he got fed up and decided to create his own image He wanted to go to war to prove masculinity Rough Riders during the Spanish American He’d go on long hunting trips to kill all these large animals Essentially reinvented himself before coming into politics

He becomes the icon of what it means to be an “American Man” Named the Teddy Bear...