Human pathophysiology - Definitions PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Human pathophysiology - Definitions PDF

Description

Human pathophysiology – DEFINITIONS: Pathology: -

the science or the study of the origin, nature, and course of diseases.

Aetiology: -

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Pathogenesis: -

the manner of development of a disease.

Clinical course: -

This incorporates the clinical signs and symptoms of a disease.

-

The clinical course of a disease is dictated to by both the aetiology and the pathogenesis of the disease.

Morphology: -

Morphology is the study of shapes, and largerly of what can be seen. It is the study of appearance, as cellular appearance, tissular appearance or tumoral appearance.

Congenital disease: - A congenital disorder is a medical condition that is present at or before birth (birth defects). Acquired disease: An acquired disease is one that began at some point during one's lifetime, as opposed to disease that was already present at birth, Multifactorial disease: - are caused by a combination of the effects of multiple genes or by interactions between genes and the environment. -

Secondary disease: - A disease that follows and results from an earlier disease, injury, or event. Tertiary disease:

Idiopathic: - relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown. Ischaemia: - is caused by a decrease in blood supply to a tissue or organ. Hypoxia: low oxygen levels in your tissues Infarct: - An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result ofobstruction of local blood suppl y, as by a thrombus or embolus. - An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result ofobstruction of local blood suppl y, as by a thrombus or embolus. iatrogenic: - is a state of ill health or adverse effect caused by medical treatment; it usually results from a mistake made in diagnosis or treatment, and can also be the fault of any member of the healthcare team. Acute: -

Disease with an abrupt onset and usually a short course. Illness of a short duration, rapidly progressive and in need of urgent care.

Subacute: - An infection intermediate between acute and chronic. Chronic: - A chronic or long-term illness means having to adjust to the demands of the illness and the therapy used to treat the condition Hypertrophy: - Hypertrophy is an increase in mass of a cell, tissue, or organ without cellular proliferation. Atrophy: - is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Hyperplasia: - is increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ. Metaplasia: - is a process whereby one type of mature tissue is replaced by another type of mature tissue not indigenous to that organ or tissue

\

Necrosis: - Coagulative: o Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. -

Liquefactive: o Is characterized by partial or complete dissolution of dead tissue and transformation into a liquid, viscous mass

-

Caseous: o a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance.

-

Gangrenous: o Gangrene is death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection.

Pathological Calcification: - refers to the deposition of calcium phosphates (CaP) or other calcific salts at sites, which would not normally have become mineralized. 1- Dystrophic: - When the deposition occurs in dead or dying tissues - It occurs with normal serum levels of calcium and normal calcium metabolism 2- Metastatic: - When the deposition occurs in normal tissues - It almost always reflects some derangement in calcium metabolism and increased levels of calcium (hypercalcemia)...