i TUGAS AKHIR PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA SUNGAI AMPEL KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN DAFTAR ISI PDF

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Perpustakaan Unika TUGAS AKHIR PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA SUNGAI AMPEL KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Strata Satu (S-1) Pada Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Disusun Oleh : Hiram M Doloksaribu 03.12.003...

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Perpustakaan Unika

TUGAS AKHIR

PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA SUNGAI AMPEL KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN

Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Strata Satu (S-1) Pada Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Disusun Oleh : Hiram M Doloksaribu

03.12.0033

Andreas Tigor Oktaga

03.12.0060

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG 2008

i

Perpustakaan Unika

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................................

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................... iii LEMBAR ASISTENSI .............................................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xii DAFTAR NOTASI .................................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ xviii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1

Tinjauan Umum ................................................................................ 1

1.2

Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.3

Tujuan Penyusunan Tugas Akhir ...................................................... 2

1.4

Pembatasan Masalah ......................................................................... 2

1.5

Uraian Singkat................................................................................... 2

1.6

Lokasi ............................................................................................... 2

1.7

Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1

Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................... 5

2.2

Keadaan Tanah ................................................................................... 5

2.3

Pradesain Konstruksi Jembatan ......................................................... 6 2.3.1

Pradesain Struktur Atas ............................................................. 6

2.3.2

Pradesain Struktur Bawah ......................................................... 7

2.4

Spesifikasi Jembatan .......................................................................... 8

2.5

Pembebanan Jembatan ...................................................................... 10 2.5.1

Muatan Primer .......................................................................... 10

2.5.2

Muatan Sekunder ..................................................................... 12

2.5.3

Muatan Khusus ........................................................................ 14

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Perpustakaan Unika

2.6

Dasar Perencanaan ........................................................................... 15

2.7

Rumus Perencanaan .......................................................................... 18

2.8

2.7.1

Perencanaan Struktur Atas ....................................................... 18

2.7.2

Perencanaan Struktur Bawah .................................................... 21

2.7.3

Perencanaan Struktur Oprit ...................................................... 25

2.7.4

Perencanaan Geometrik ( Alinemen Vertikal) .......................... 26

Metode Perencanaan Jembatan........................................................... 27 2.8.1 Metode Perencanaan ................................................................ 27 2.8.2 Metode Perhitungan ................................................................. 31

BAB III PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR 3.1

Perhitungan Struktur Atas ................................................................. 32 3.1.1 Perhitungan Bangunan Pelengkap ........................................... 32 3.1.2 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai Trotoir .............................................. 33 3.1.3 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai Kendaraan ........................................ 36 3.1.4 Perhitungan Gelagar Memanjang............................................. 43 3.1.5 Perhitungan Gelagar Melintang ............................................... 49 3.1.6 Perhitungan Shear Connector.................................................... 54 3.1.7 Perhitungan Pertambatan Angin ............................................... 56 3.1.8 Perhitungan Rangka Induk Jembatan ........................................ 71 3.1.9 Perhitungan Sambungan ........................................................... 75

3.2

Perhitungan Struktur Bawah............................................................... 87 3.2.1 Perhitungan Abutment .............................................................. 87 3.2.2 Penulangan Abutment ............................................................... 97 3.2.3 Perhitungan Elastomer ............................................................ 100 3.2.4 Penulangan Wing Wall ........................................................... 102 3.2.5 Perhitungan Pilar Tengah ........................................................ 105 3.2.6 Penulangan Pilar Tengah ........................................................ 113 3.2.7 Perhitungan Pelat Injak ........................................................... 116 3.2.8 Perhitungan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ....................................... 119

3.3

Perhitungan Bangunan Pelengkap .................................................... 125 3.3.1 Perhitungan Dinding Penahan Tanah ...................................... 125

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Perpustakaan Unika

3.3.2 Perhitungan Tebal Perkerasan Oprit ....................................... 135 3.3.3 Perhitungan Alinemen Vertikal .............................................. 138 BAB IV ANALISA HARGA DAN LAIN-LAIN 4.1

Perhitungan Volume Pekerjaan ........................................................ 140

4.2

Daftar Harga Satuan Bahan Dan Upah Kerja ................................... 149

4.3

Daftar Harga Satuan ......................................................................... 150

4.4

Daftar Analisa Harga Satuan ............................................................ 151

4.5

Rencana Anggaran Biaya ................................................................. 155

4.6

Rekapitulasi Harga ........................................................................... 156

4.7

Time Schedule .................................................................................. 156

4.8

Network Planning ............................................................................. 156

BAB V RENCANA KERJA DAN SYARAT-SYARAT 5.1

Syarat-Syarat Umum ........................................................................ 157

5.2

Syarat-Syarat Khusus ....................................................................... 184

5.3

Syarat-Syarat Administrasi ............................................................... 187

5.4

Syarat-Syarat Teknis ........................................................................ 194

BABVI PENUTUP 6.1

Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 248

6.2

Saran ................................................................................................. 249

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. xix LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................ xx

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Perpustakaan Unika

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Peta Lokasi Proyek .............................................................................. 3 Gambar 2.1

Tampak Samping Jembatan ................................................................ 6

Gambar 2.2

Tampak Atas Jembatan ....................................................................... 6

Gambar 2.3

Tampak Bawah Jembatan.................................................................... 6

Gambar 2.4

Potongan Melintang Jembatan ............................................................ 7

Gambar 2.5

Dimensi Abutment .............................................................................. 7

Gambar 2.6

Potongan Melintang pada Peninggian Perkerasan Jalan ..................... 8

Gambar 2.7

Beban T .............................................................................................. 10

Gambar 2.8

Beban D .............................................................................................. 12

Gambar 2.9 Gaya dan Momen yang Bekerja pada Pile Group ............................... 23 Gambar 2.10 Beban Tekanan Tanah ......................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.11 Diagram Alir Perencanaan .................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.12 Diagram Pengumpulan Data Perencanaan Jembatan .......................... 28 Gambar 2.13 Diagram Perencanaan Struktur Atasa Jembatan ................................. 29 Gambar 2.14 Diagram Perencanaan Struktur Bawah Jembatan ............................... 30 Gambar 2.15 Diagram Perencanaan Struktur Oprit Jembatan .................................. 30 Gambar 3.1 Posisi Pipa Sandaran ........................................................................... 32 Gambar 3.2 Posisi Trotoir ....................................................................................... 34 Gambar 3.3 Tampak Samping Trotoir .................................................................... 35 Gambar 3.4 Pembebanan Lantai Kendaraan ........................................................... 37 Gambar 3.5 Contact Area........................................................................................ 37 Gambar 3.6 Contact Area Kondisi I........................................................................ 38 Gambar 3.7 Contact Area Kondisi II ...................................................................... 39 Gambar 3.8 Tampak Melintang Gelagar Memanjang Jembatan ............................ 43 Gambar 3.9 Gaya Rem yang Bekerja Dalam Arah Memanjang Jembatan ............. 47 Gambar 3.10 Pembebanan Gelagar Melintang Akibat Reaksi dari Gelagar Memanjang ......................................................................................... 49 Gambar 3.11 Momen-Momen yang Terjadi pada Gelagar Melintang Sebagai Akibat Beban Merata ........................................................................... 51

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Perpustakaan Unika

Gambar 3.12 Beban Garis pada Gelagar Melintang ................................................ 52 Gambar 3.13 Balok Komposit .................................................................................. 54 Gambar 3.14 Shear Connector .................................................................................. 56 Gambar 3.15 Gaya-Gaya Angin pada Jembatan ....................................................... 56 Gambar 3.16 Pembebanan Ikatan Angin Atas .......................................................... 57 Gambar 3.17 Pembebanan Ikatan Angin Bawah Tahap I .......................................... 59 Gambar 3.18 Pembebanan Ikatan Angin Bawah Tahap II ........................................ 60 Gambar 3.19 Porfil ┘└ 100.100.10 .......................................................................... 61 Gambar 3.20 Porfil ┘└ 100.100.10 .......................................................................... 65 Gambar 3.21 Beban pada Rangka Induk Jembatan .................................................. 71 Gambar 3.22 Beban Angin pada Gelagar Induk ....................................................... 72 Gambar 3.23 Sambungan Gelagar Memanjang dengan Gelagar Melintang............. 75 Gambar 3.24 Sambungan Las Batang Melintang dengan Plat Buhul ....................... 79 Gambar 3.25 Sambungan Las Batang Melintang Atas dengan Plat Buhul............... 79 Gambar 3.26 Gelagar Induk ...................................................................................... 86 Gambar 3.27 Abutment ............................................................................................. 87 Gambar 3.28 Tekanan Tanah pada Abutment........................................................... 90 Gambar 3.29 Tekanan Tanah pada Wing Wall ........................................................ 102 Gambar 3.30 Pilar Tengah Jembatan ....................................................................... 105 Gambar 3.31 Posisi Pelat Injak ................................................................................ 116 Gambar 3.32 Penulangan Pelat Injak ....................................................................... 119 Gambar 3.33 Posisi Tiang Pancang pada Abutment ............................................... 120 Gambar 3.34 Posisi Tiang Pancang pada Pilar ........................................................ 123 Gambar 3.35 Tekanan Tanah pada Dinding Penahan Tanah ................................... 125 Gambar 3.36 Grafik FS ............................................................................................ 129 Gambar 3.37 Pola Keruntuhan pada Dinding Penahan Tanah................................. 131 Gambar 3.38 Superposisi pada Dinding Penahan Tanah ......................................... 133 Gambar 3.39 Tebal Perkerasan ............................................................................... 137 Gambar 3.40 Alinemen Vertikal Cekung................................................................. 138 Gambar 3.41 Alinemen Vertikal Cembung .............................................................. 139

xi

Perpustakaan Unika

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Kombinasi Pembebanan dan Gaya ......................................................... 15 Tabel 2.2 Ukuran Minimum Las ............................................................................. 21 Tabel 3.1 Gaya Batang Ikatan Angin Atas.............................................................. 58 Tabel 3.2 Gaya Ikatan Angin Bawah ...................................................................... 60 Tabel 3.3 Jumlah Baut Terpasang pada Ikatan Angin Bawah ................................ 81 Tabel 3.4 Jumlah Baut Terpasang pada Ikatan Angin Atas .................................... 83 Tabel 3.5 Jumlah Baut Terpasang pada Gelagar Induk .......................................... 85 Tabel 3.6 Perhitungan Berat Sendiri Abutment ...................................................... 88 Tabel 3.7 Perhitungan Timbunan Tanah Abutment dan Wing Wall ...................... 89 Tabel 3.8 Gaya Gempa pada Abutment .................................................................. 92 Tabel 3.9 Kombinasi 1 pada Abutmnet .................................................................. 93 Tabel 3.10 Kombinasi 2 pada Abutmnet .................................................................. 93 Tabel 3.11 Kombinasi 3 pada Abutmnet .................................................................. 94 Tabel 3.12 Kombinasi 4 pada Abutmnet .................................................................. 94 Tabel 3.13 Kombinasi 5 pada Abutmnet .................................................................... 95 Tabel 3.14 Kombinasi 6 pada Abutmnet .................................................................. 95 Tabel 3.15 Jenis-Jenis Elastomer ............................................................................. 101 Tabel 3.16 Perhitungan Berat Sendiri Pilar.............................................................. 106 Tabel 3.17 Perhitungan Urugan Tanah pada Pilar ................................................... 107 Tabel 3.18 Gaya Gempa pada Pilar........................................................................... 108 Tabel 3.19 Kombinasi 1 pada Pilar .......................................................................... 109 Tabel 3.20 Kombinasi 2 pada Pilar .......................................................................... 110 Tabel 3.21 Kombinasi 3 pada Pilar .......................................................................... 110 Tabel 3.22 Kombinasi 4 pada Pilar .......................................................................... 111 Tabel 3.23 Kombinasi 5 pada Pilar ........................................................................... 111 Tabel 3.24 Kombinasi 6 pada Pilar ........................................................................... 111

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Perpustakaan Unika

DAFTAR NOTASI a

= tinggi gaya tekan, mm

A

= luas profil baja, mm2

a

= tebal las, mm

a1

= koefisien kekuatan relatif bahan perkerasan

a2

= koefisien kekuatan relatif bahan perkerasan

a3

= koefisien kekuatan relatif bahan perkerasan

Ab

= luas bruto penampang baut, mm2

Ae

= luas efektif, mm2

Ag

= luas penampang kotor, mm2

Agt

= luas kotor akibat tarik, mm2

Agv

= luas kotor akibat geser, mm2

An

= luas netto penampang (mm2)

Ant

= luas bersih akibat tarik, mm2

Anv

= luas bersih akibat geser, mm2

Ap

= luas penampang tiang pancang, m2

As

= luas penampang tulangan, mm2

b

= lebar penampang, mm

bf

= lebar pelat sayap, mm

C

= koefisien gempa dasar

Cc

= resultan gaya desak beton, kN

D

= kedalaman pondasi (m)

D

= diameter tiang pancang, cm

D

= diameter tulangan pokok, mm

d

= tinggi efektif penampang, mm

D1

= tebal masing-masing lapis perkerasan, cm

D2

= tebal masing-masing lapis perkerasan, cm

D3

= tebal masing-masing lapis perkerasan, cm

db

= diameter baut (mm)

db

= diameter baut, mm

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Perpustakaan Unika

DL

= beban mati, kg

E

= modulus elastisitas baja, MPa

e

= eksentrisitas, mm

f

= lendutan, cm

f bu

= tegangan tarik putus baut, MPa

fc’