IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PDF

Preview

Summary

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN MALAYSIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Yulia Setiani Lecturer, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru Riau.Indonesia e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT : The construction industry play...

Description

Accelerat ing t he world's research.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY yulia setiani

Related papers

Download a PDF Pack of t he best relat ed papers 

A Review of Indust rialised Building Syst em in Malaysian Const ruct ion Indust ry Mohamad Syazli Fat hi (Ph.D)

Enhancing t he Qualit y of Life by Adopt ing Sust ainable Modular Indust rialised Building Syst em (IBS) in t … Rohana Mahbub A Preliminary Survey of t he Applicat ion of Indust rialised Building Syst em (IBS) in Kedah and Perlis Mal… Nasrun Nawi

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta

IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN MALAYSIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Yulia Setiani Lecturer, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru Riau.Indonesia e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT : The construction industry plays a big role in Malaysia‟s development and expected to be a major contributor towards the realisation of Malaysia Vision 2020. Although the construction industry is very competitive, it is currently very labour-intensive. The ineffectiveness and low productivity are caused by the failure of the industry to utilise the new as well as other relevant labourreducing technologies. Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a building systems in which structural components are manufactured in a factory, on or off site, transported and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. In order to remain competitive especially in the era of globalisation, the Malaysian government has formulated a roadmap called IBS roadmap 2003-2010 to promote the usage of IBS in the local construction industry. One of the targets is to reduce the level of foreign workers to only 15% by the year 2010. Besides reduced dependency on labour, the simplified construction solutions also offer better control of quality, increased productivity and faster completion, less wastage, neater and safer construction sites and cleaner environment; which lead to a lower total construction costs. The usage of IBS is not new in the Malaysian construction industry, particularly the usage of precast concrete elements in the construction of dwelling units since nearly four decades ago. From there, numerous construction projects in Malaysia have utilised IBS, especially when the requirement is to build fast and with high precision and quality. Nevertheless, the usage of IBS in the Malaysian construction industry is still very low if compared to the conventional method. A recently completed survey conducted by Constrution Industry Development Board Malaysia on the application of IBS by Malaysian contractors shows that the usage in local construction projects is about 30%. This paper aims to review the implementation of IBS in Malaysia construction industry. It is an attempt to fulfil the government's call for the adoption of IBS in Malaysia construction industry. And also to enhance the understanding of the development of technology and management in construction industry to be up against the word globalization.

buildings which are conceived, planned, fabricated from factories will be transported and erected on site. With this method, the process would involve planning; management and sustained improvement of the production process to eliminate waste and ensure the right components are produced and delivered at the right time, in the right order and without defect. In this respect, the construction industry has a great deal to learn from the manufacturing sectors that have long been emphasizing on quality and minimising defects. IBS will definitely among others reduce unskilled workers in the country, less wastage, less volume of building materials, increased site cleanliness and better quality control.

INTRODUCTION The Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) is a construction process that utilises techniques, products, components, or building systems which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. According to the definition by Contruction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB), is building systems in which structural components are manufactured in a factory, on or off site, transported and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works Industrialised Building System is an alternative approach of construction that will definitely change the scenario of the current local construction industry towards a systematically approach of mass production of construction materials. Prefabricated components of

In many parts of the world, IBS takes its forms in an initiative called open building concept. Open building is an approach to the design of

1

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta

buildings and said to be representing a new wave in architecture. Open building is defined as an innovative approach to design and construction that enhances the efficiency of the building process, while increasing the variety, flexibility and quality of the product.

The fully prefabricated construction method can be classified into two main categories: (1) on-site prefabricated and (2) offsite prefabricated (factory producing). As shown in Fig. 1, the fully prefabricated construction method consists of four types of IBSs. Those types are precast concrete, sandwich panel, load-bearing block, and steel frame.

Developed countries such as Japan, Netherlands and USA to name a few, have already started to develop concept that is called „Open Source Building‟. The concept of the open source building is similar to what has happened in the ICT industry whereby through standardization of jointing parts such as USB ports, consumers can buy computer equipment such as mouse or scanner anywhere in the world. The equipment can then be easily installed by the users as the connection from the equipment to the computer has been internationally standardized.

TYPES OF IBS Construction methods can be classified into four categories (Badir and Razali 1998): 1. conventional method; 2. cast–in situ 3. composite method; 4. fully prefabricated. The last three construction methods are considered nonconventional and all types of IBSs are categorized under them. The following paragraphs give an overview about nonconventional methods or IBS component and systems.

From the structural classification, there are five IBS main groups identified as being used in Malaysia, and these are : 1) Pre-cast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems : Pre-cast columns, beams, slabs, 3-Dcomponents (balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chambers), permanent concrete formwork, etc; 2) Steel Formwork Systems : Tunnel forms, beams and columns moulding forms, permanent steel formworks (metal decks, etc;) 3) Steel Framing Systems : Steel beams and columns, portal frames, roof trusses, etc; 4) Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems: Timber frames, roof trusses, etc; 5) Block Work Systems : Interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU), lightweight concrete blocks, etc.

Cast–In Situ Construction Method In this method, lightweight prefabricated formwork that is easily erected and dismantled is used to replace traditional timber formwork .moulding metal form, column and beam form, The walls and slabs are cast in a single operation Composite Construction Method The composite construction method, sometimes called partially industrialized. In this method of construction, certain elements, those that can be standardized, are prefabricated in the factory while others are cast in site. Fully Prefabricated Construction Method

CHARATERISTICS AND BENEFITS Five Characteristics of IBS are :

2

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta

a) Industrial production of components through prefabrication b) Reduced labor during prefabrication of components and site works c) Modern design and manufacturing method using CAD/CAM d) Systematic Quality Control i.e ISO 9000 e) Open Building System i.e permitting hybrid applications

In terms of quality of the building, the IBSs construction was found to be capable of producing units of higher quality than what the conventional construction method could achieve. However, the IBSs need a much higher initial capital investment than does a conventional system. This is because factories/production facilities must be constructed and because of the high cost of training labour.

The use of IBS assures valuable advantages such as : a. Reduction of site labor b. Minimal Wastage c. Less site material d. Cleaner environment e. Controlled quality f. Neater and safer sites g. Faster project completion h. Lower total construction costs due to the above

IMPLEMENTATION OF IBS IBS is not new in Malaysia and have been around since the early sixties. The first pilot project was initiated by the Government and it was along Jalan Pekeliling which involved 3,000 units of low cost flats and 40 shop lots. However, developments in IBS after that failed to gain support from the industry and consumers. From a survey done by CIDB on 2003, it was found that the percentage usage of IBS in the local construction industry is only at a mere 15%. However, several major world class developers in Malaysia have used some percentage of IBS in their projects.

Besides the benefits, certainly it has disadvantages of IBS. The IBS construction activities are highly capital intensive. This is the main disadvantage of the IBS. The heavily mechanized approach has displeased a substantial number of the labour force from the building construction industry. In some IBSs there is a tremendous need for expert labour at the construction site. Therefore, extra costs are needed to train the semiskilled labour force for highly skilled jobs.

Among the reasons that have made IBS not very popular with the developers would be the abundance of cheap foreign labours in the country. Currently there are about 250,000 workers in the construction industry. The Government effort to reduce the foreign workers to not more than 15 percent of the country, labour force in the next five years would be an impetus for the local developers to use IBS. By using a superior construction technology that requires highly skilled workers, the dependence on foreign workers would significantly be reduced.

Comparison with Conventional System IBSs have lesser cost and higher speed of construction if made a comparison with the conventional method. For the total number of labour force required in the current IBSs, it is far lower than those required in the conventional method of construction.

Most of the IBSs in Malaysia have been very recently established in the early 90s. This sudden and very rapid growth in the number of IBSs is in perfect tune and harmony with the tremendous amount of emphasis for building construction activities in the Malaysia Seventh Five-Year Plan. The results of the analysis reveal that the systems originating from the United States are the largest in number in the construction industry in Malaysia (25%), followed by those from Australia and Germany (17% for each). In all the IBSs used in

For the usage of heavy equipment, the IBSs‟ construction requires less use of heavy equipment than that required for the conventional method of construction. This is due to the fact that most of the IBSs are of formwork, sandwich panel, block panel, and steel frame. These systems do not require use of heavy equipment. The precast panel is the only system that needs the use of heavy equipment during erection.

3

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta

response, and this sector is still practising conventional construction methods that have proven time and again to be wasteful, dangerous and messy. Relatively, the low labour cost in this country is the root cause of the industry failing to reform and being complacent with the current level of productivity, quality and safety. However, it cannot be disputed that to be competitive at the international level, it is important for the Malaysia construction industry to evolve and be ready for the globalisation era where an increase in productivity, quality and safety is a must.

Malaysia, the locally produced systems account for only 12%. Austria and the U.K. represent 8 and 4%, respectively. The rest of the building systems (17%) are originally from other countries such as Canada, France, Japan, and Finland.

Several projects that used IBS can be seen as follows. i) KLIA ii) Putrajaya Bridge iii) Petronas Twin Towers, iv) KL Sentral

IBS ROADMAP 2003-2010 The industry needs one fundamental plan that involves all the important aspects in this evolution process. In this respect, the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 is formulated as a reference for all parties in implementing all programmes towards the modernisation of the Malaysian construction sector. The IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 has been discussed and agreed upon at the national level through the IBS Steering Committee and Working Groups organised by CIDB Malaysia where the members are represented by the government sector, developers, manufacturers, contractors, professional bodies, higher learning institutions, associations, and other interested parties in the construction industry. The IBS Steering Committee and Working Groups have produced the IBS Roadmap 2003 - 2010 based on the 5M strategy (Manpower, Materials-ComponentsMachines, Management- Processes-Methods, Monetary and Marketing) and will also ensure that its programs are implemented to meet the total industrialisation of Malaysia‟s construction industry by the year 2010 . With Budget 2005 announced recently, the Government is committed in ensuring IBS implementation by providing an additional of 100,000 units of affordable homes to be implemented using IBS. Budget 2005 also reveals Government intention in increasing the IBS usage in Government building projects from 30 percent currently to 50 percent starting from 2005.

Even so, the usage of IBS in building is still low. From a survey conducted by CIDB Malaysia, the usage level of IBS in the local construction industry stands at only 15% (IBS Survey 2003). The early efforts of the Government to encourage the use of IBS in the construction sector has yet to garner a good

On achieving a wider scale implementation of IBS scale for Malaysia, the Government will also give full exemption on levy imposed by

4

Seminar Nasional Universitas Budi Luhur 14 Agustus 2009 Jakarta

CIDB for developers who utilize IBS components exceeding 50 percent. These wise decisions made by the Government will definitely create a lot of interest from the industry to use IBS as an alternative approach of construction. The next stage of IBS would be to explore the (export) of the system to overseas market. The success of these efforts will enable the local construction industry to be competitive and penetrate the global market.

REFERENCES Ahmad Baharuddin Abd. Rahman, Wahid Omar (2006),Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of Industrialised Building System in Malaysia , Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference (APSEC 2006), 5 – 6 September 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Badir, Y., and Razali, A (1998). „„Theory of classification: its application and BadirRazali building Systems classification.‟‟ J. Institute Eng.,Malaysia, Oct. Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (2002), Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) Roadmap 2003-2010 M.R. Abdul Kadir, W.P. Lee, M.S. Jaafar, S.M. Sapuan, A.A.A. Ali. (2006). Construction performance comparison between conventional and industrialised building systems in Malaysia. Structural Survey Vol. 24 No. 5, 2006 pp. 412-424 @ Emerald Group Publishing Limited Yuosre F. Badir; M. R. Abdul Kadir; and Ahmed H. Hashim (2002), Industrialized Building Systems Construction in Malaysia. Journal of Architectural Engineering /ASCE/ March 2002

PROMOTION OF IBS CIDB facilitates the promotion of an increased usage of IBS by: 1. Promoting Modularisation and Standardisation / Modular Coordination (MC). 2. Moving the construction industry towards zero defects. 3. Promoting computerization and robotics. 4. Encouraging “Open Systems” that promotes the interchange-ability of components by various manufacturers. 5. Establishing products and systems registration and evaluation programmes; and resource centre. 6. Increasing R&D programmes and promoting best practice guidelines. 7. Promoting education and training; and transfer of technology for government agencies, private developers, architects, engineers, contractors and manufacturers. 8. Integration of roles in the construction industry. CONCLUSION The Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) promises elevated levels of expertise throughout the industry, from manufacturers, installers, engineers, planners, designers, and developers. The benefits of IBS are numerous and far reaching. Reduced construction time, better site management, reduced wastage are but a few of these benefits, that will ultimately produce better products for the population. The main reason to recommend the use of IBSs in Malaysia is that the raw materials used in the IBSs have to be produced locally in order to overcome the shortages that are being faced by the IBSs construction industry.

5...