Implicatoins Assignment 2 PDF

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Cloey Brigham Student Number: 0369393 Implications-Aboriginal People Assignment 2 Part One 1. The Royal Proclamation - The Royal Proclamation of 1971 and 1973. On receiving word of territorial incursions and the resultant hostilities, King George III issued a Royal Proclamation in 1761 to the governors of Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, New York, North and South Carolina and Georgia. It declared that it would no longer be permissible to obtain land grants or to interfere with Indigenous populations and that settlers found on Indian land would be removed. North American officials suggested that the proclamation applied to previous Crown-Indian agreements and thus did not apply to all Indigenous lands. To counter these inconsistencies, the king made a second Royal Proclamation in 1763. It declared that all lands west of the Appalachians to be reserved for the Indians’ use and benefit and which prohibited settlement in the Ohio valley. 2. The White Paper - The White Paper was a government policy paper put in place in 1969. The policy was intended to abolish previous legal documents pertaining to Indigenous peoples in Canada. The White Paper was the Trudeau Government's attempt to address the inequalities between Indigenous people and new Settlers. The proposed plan of action was intended to replace The Indian Act. 3. Bill C-31- On July 30, 1981, Canada was found in breach of Native women’s rights - an embarrassing decision that led officials to reassess the legislation. Later that year, the Governor General decreed that Indian bands would be permitted to remove themselves from 12 (1) (b). A mere 19% of all bands chose to suspend the offending section in protection of women’s rights. Four years after that, the government formally amended the Indian Act. These amendments known as Bill C-31 took effect in 1985. The three key

changes introduced include, the reinstatement of Registered Indian status, the introduction of new rules governing entitlement to Indian registration for all children born after April 16, 1985 and, the new right of First Nations to develop and apply their own rules governing membership.

Cloey Brigham

Brigham 1

Diane Robinson INDG-1117-EL12 February 22, 2018 Aboriginals and Their interactions With the Environment

Throughout Canadian history it has always been well known that Indigenous people have been one with the land. The environment has continually played a central role in the Aboriginal peoples daily lives as well as their decision making processes. The concept has has even been integrated into the daily consciousness of the average Aboriginal person. Indigenous people are the caretakers of mother earth and this quality has helped them to create a foundation between four essential elements of balance in their lives. Thus include social, mental, physical, as well as spiritual health of self and community. The Indigenous people are connected to their environment through the spirit world and it is mainly where the social aspect comes from. This is the sole foundation and philosophy for the Natives but non-natives still find it hard to understand which is often blamed on their non-native upbringing. To live a spiritual life, it means to know the teachings of the ancestors as well as the beings of the spirit world living by wisdom in their everyday lives. These interactions with the spirit world are important to understand teaching and healing as well as to obtain knowledge. These connections also reinforce relationships with most living things that the earth has to offer. Thus may include visions, creative works, prayers, song and dance. Socially connecting with the environment is an ongoing practice that is taken very seriously and can be used to obtain many personal goals for each Native person.

Brigham 2 In tough times the aboriginal people did not give up on themselves as well as their communities. They stood up for the natural world and its resources in which they needed for survival. The devastation of colonization on both the inner environment of Aboriginal peoples and the ecosystems and environments that they are a part of. The residential schools were designed to assimilate Native children into mainstream society and disconnect their generation

of Aboriginal people from the land, their families, culture and languages. This has never been forgotten although these days are in the past. The people who suffered then still suffer today as they have little control over the land and resources in their traditional territories. The Aboriginal people continue to advocate for control over the decisions that impact their families, communities, nations and environments. Nothing could prepare the Natives for the colonization when the European settlers swept the land. They harvested lumber, fish and animals and dominated the population simply because there was more of them than the Natives. The physical environment is the most important given that it provides the necessities for survival. Aboriginal cultures often view the sky, sun, moon, earth, plants and animals as their relatives. It is believed that if any of these resources get sick then the Aboriginal people are destined to become ill as well. The Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving even suggests that the earth is our mother, the sun our eldest brother, the moos as grandmother and all plants and animals are considered the siblings. When one of these environmental components becomes ill the physical balance of the people's lives is off due to the fact that they rely on these things for substance as well as survival itself. Aboriginal people believe that humans are part of the

Brigham 3 natural environment and are dependant upon plants and animals to survive. The Anishinaabe in particular, see that the animals hold much power and knowledge regarding the environment. They are viewed as teachers that the Anishinabe can observe and learn from. Without survival and existence of human beings, no other component is necessary, therefore, the physical environment is nonetheless the most important of all. The well being of individuals, their families and their communities is important for the interconnectedness of an Aboriginal group. A problem can only be resolved when the entire

movement is in balance rather than trying to treat every small problem as they come about. When individuals keeps their problems isolated from the community bigger problems tend to arise. A healthy community is seen to be central to the well- being of both the individuals and families residing within it. Thus, Aboriginal peoples see health as inclusive and holistic, in close connection to economic, environmental and cultural status. To create a proper balance between the four major components in an Aboriginal lifestyle one must work to meet all the requirements. They must maintain this balance by often visiting the spiritual world, reviewing their mental state, using the earth's natural resources for survival as well as focusing on their own health along with the people in their community.

Brigham 4 Works Cited

Login - Laurentian University/Université Laurentienne, d2l.laurentian.ca/d2l/le/content/125582/viewContent/1018045/View. Joseph, Bob. “Blog.” Indian Act and Women's Status Discrimination via Bill C31 and Bill C3, www.ictinc.ca/blog/what-is-an-aboriginal-medicine-wheel. Northern Affairs Canada. “First Nations in Canada.” Government of Canada; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 2 May 2017, www.rcaanccirnac.gc.ca/eng/1307460755710/1536862806124.

Part Three All of the knowledge available to the Indigenous people of Canada is received from the exponential generations of elders. Elders tend to approach all issues through the traditional teachings of their culture and they get their knowledge originally came from the creator. Learning never stops throughout one's lifetime meaning that life itself is a sacred ceremony. When people were placed on Turtle Island the creator promised everything one needed mother earth would provide for them. When the Colonizers came to Canada they saw how well the resources of Canada such as the plants, animals and access to water was helping the Aboriginal people to survive. Therefore, the Europeans were able to take the resources as well as the Natives ideas of how to put the land and animals to good use for survival. The Europeans were able to settle in Canada so easily because they saw exactly wha resources the Natives had already discovered as well as how to use them. This was ideal for the newcomers as they had everything already done for them prior to arrival.

This knowledge may be helpful in the modern age for us to go back to a simpler way of harvesting the land. It promotes healthy ecology because we can learn how it was to harvest the land without destroying it like we do nowadays. In the past the Natives have controlled populations but never destroyed them and took their habitat. Today we destroy more and more of their habitat and release toxic chemicals and gases into the environment which can destroy the vegetation, water and animals. Taking care of the ecosystem should be a number one priority because humans would not survive without it. The Natives were able to appreciate the earth that we now seem to take advantage of....