Indiabix - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Definition of terms in PCP from indiabix...

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pCHEMICAL PROCESSES 1. Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is favoured by low temperature and high pressure. 2. Gun powder, which is an explosive comprises of charcoal, sulphur and salt petre 3. Starting raw material for the manufacture of alum is bauxite 4. Salt cake is chemically represented by Na2SO4 5. Paper pulp produced by kraft/sulphate process is strong fibrous. 6. Claude process of gas liquefaction employs adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine. 7. The main use of HCl is in the drilling of petroleum wells and pickling of steel sheets. 8. The gasification reaction represented by, C + H2O = CO + H2, is a/an __________ reaction. Endothermic 9. Viscose rayon is chemically regenerated cellulose acetate 10. All enzymes are made of proteins 11. The combustion reaction, C + O2 = CO2, is exothermic 12. Styrene is produced from ethyl benzene by the process of dehydrogenation 13. Gelatine which is a nitrogenous organic protein is obtained by the hydrolysis of collagen 14. Sucrose content in the raw juice extracted from sugar cane is about __________ percent. 15 20 15. Fusel oil is a/an mixture of higher molecular weight alcohols (a by-product obtained during production of alcohol from molasses). 16. Styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) as compared to natural rubber has poor tensil strength,poor resistance to oxidation. 17. Co-efficient of thermal expansion of glass is decreased by the addition of __________ during its manufacture. ZnO 18. The catalyst used in the manufacture of DDT (from chloral and chlorobenzene) is oleum 19. Haemoglobin is a/an protein 20. Epoxy resin is a good adhesive. 21. Concentration of NaOH solution produced by mercury electrolytic cell is about __________ percent. 50 22. Which of the following is the most adverse factor challenging the choice of mercury electrolytic cell process for the production of caustic soda? Pollution of water stream by mercury. 23. Esterification reaction produces soap 24. Sulphur addition in soap is done to cure pimples & dandruff.

25. Phosphate rock is a raw material for the manufacture of phosphoric acid, phosphorous, superphosphates. 26. Mineral oils (e.g. petroleum oils) are preferred over fatty oils (e.g. mustard oil, ghee, tallow, palm oil, olive oil etc.) as a lubricant due to its poor oxidation stability and high gum forming tendency, greater tendency of decomposition at elevated temperature, hydrolysis tendency in presence of water. 27. Esterification reaction produces soap, is reversible, is a reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid. 28. In sulphate pulp manufacture, the pressure and temperature in the digestor is 10 atm.170-180°C 29. Zeolite removes both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water by precipitating calcium and magnesium present in water as insoluble zeolites. Used zeolite is regenerated by flushing with the solution of sodium chloride 30. Solvay process is used for the manufacture of sodium carbonate by ammonia soda process. 31. Polycaprolactum is commercially known as nylon-6 32. Frasch process is for mining Sulphur 33. Very fine suspended and colloidal impurities are removed from water by a process called coagulation 34. Pitch (a product of coal tar distillation) is always mixed with creosote oil, when it is to be burnt in a burner, because it reduces viscosity and imparts fluidity for its transportation through pipelines at economic pressure drop. 35. Which is the main reducing agent during production of iron from iron ore in a blast furnace ? CO 36. The drug used in contraceptives is mestranol 37. Raw materials used for producing __________ cement does not contain iron oxide. White 38. In the Lurgi coal gasifier large quantity of coal can be processed. 39. Calgon used in water treatment is chemically sodium hexametaphosphate 40. Which oil is preferred for paint manufacture ? Drying oil 41. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a synthetic polymer. 42. Ethylene oxide is produced by oxidation of ethylene in presence of AgO catalyst at 5 atm & 275°C 43. Cumene is the starting material for the production of phenol and acetone 44. The type of high refractive index glass used in optical instruments is __________ glass. Flint

45. Oxidation of ortho-xylene in presence of __________ catalyst is done to produce phthalic anhydride on commercial scale. Vanadium 46. Most commonly used rubber vulcanising agent is Sulphur 47. Terylene is a polyester 48. Free alkali in a toilet soap is __________ that in a laundary shop. less than 49. Dehydrogenation of isopropanol produces acetone 50. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide is vaccum crystallization. 51. Helium is produced on commercial scale from natural gas 52. Fermentation of molasses to produce ethyl alcohol is done at __________ °C.20 – 30 53. The catalyst used in the manufacture of DDT is 20% oleum. 54. Most widely and commonly used coagulant for the removal of suspended impurities in water is alum 55. ZnO is used as a catalyst in fat splitting. 56. Heating of __________ to 120°C, produces plaster of paris. Gypsum 57. Which of the following has sodium bicarbonate as its main constituent ? Baking powder 58. Ordinary glass is not a/an material with sharp definite melting point. 59. In premitive days, __________ was being manufactured by Leblanc Process. soda ash 60. The only commercial Fischer-Tropsch plant for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuel from coal is located at SASOL (in South Africa). 61. Lurgi coal gasifier is a pressurised __________ bed reactor. Moving 62. Oils are partially hydrogenated (not fully) to manufacture vanaspati, because fully saturated solidified oils cause cholesterol build up and blood clotting. 63. Paper grade bamboo contains about __________ percent cellulose. 5 64. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added in detergents to act as a/an anti soil redeposition agent 65. Vulcanisation of rubber converts its plasticity into elasticity. 66. Raw materials for 'Solvay Process' for manufacture of the soda ash are salt, limestone and coke or gas. 67. Chloral is used in the manufacture of DDT 68. Bromine is used in the preparation of fire extinguishing compounds. fire proofing agents. dyes and antiknock compounds.

69. Sudden temperature fluctuation does not affect pyrex glass, because of its low co-efficient of expansion 70. Most easily and cheaply available fibrous raw material for paper manufacture available in India is bamboo. The yield of pulp produced from fibrous raw material by mechanical process is about __________ percent. < 10 71. Ostwald's process is used for the commercial production of nitric acid by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. 72. Sulphuric acid solution having a specific gravity of 1.20 at room temperature is used mainly for the car battery solution 73. The catalyst used in the production of elemental sulphur from H2S (by oxidation-reduction) is alumina 74. Zeolite used in water softening process (cation exchange) is regenerated by washing with brine 75. The catalyst used in shift converter is nickel 76. Which of the following is a detergent ? Alkyl benzene sulphonate 77. Drinking (potable) water treatment does not involve softening 78. Phenol formaldehyde resin is used as an adhesive in making laminates 79. Catalyst used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by chamber & contact processes are respectively oxides of nitrogen & V2O5 on a porous carrier. 80. DDT stands for dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane. 81. Phosphoric acid is prepared from rock phosphate 82. Metallic soap (e.g. aluminium or calcium salts of fatty acids) can be used as a lubricant. 83. Which of the following processes does not produce Cl2 as a co-product during the manufacture of caustic soda. Lime-soda process 84. Bleaching action of bleaching powder is due to its __________ properties. Oxidizing 85. Saponification number of an oil or fat gives an idea about its molecular weight. is inversely proportional to its molecular weight. detects its adulteration. 86. The purpose of tanning in leather industry is to stiffen the leather. 87. Hydrogenation of edible vegetable oils, is an exothermic reaction. is an exothermic reaction. increases their melting point. is done in presence of nickel catalyst. 88. Phenol is mainly used to produce phenol formaldehyde.

89. Main constituent of dolomite is MgCO3 90. Conversion of CO to CO2 by steam in presence of a catalyst is called recuperator 91. Bromides contained in hot mother liquor is treated with __________ during manufacture of bromine from sea water. Cl2 92. Resistance to fusion of the refractory under a steady rising temperature condition is called refractoriness 93. Portland cement consists mainly of CaO & SiO2 94. The amount of benzene present in pure benzol is about __________ percent. 70 95. Cumene (isopropyl benzene) is made by propylene alkylation of benzene. 96. Mannheim furnace is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. 97. Thermosetting materials are cross-linked molecules. 98. Iodine value of an oil or fat is the number of grams of iodine taken up by 100 gm of oil or fat, a measure of its unsaturation. helpful in findings its adulteration & its suitability for making soap 99. Nickel is not used as a catalyst in the Ostwald's process of HNO3 manufacture. 100. Wrought iron is the purest form of iron. 101. Enamels give good glossy finish 102. Black liquor is converted into white liquor by evaporation and burning the concentrate followed by causticisation of products. 103. Alcohol is produced by the hydrolysis of an ether 104. Polymerisation product of C2F4 (carbon tetraflouride) is called P.T.F.E (poly chloro tetra flouro ethylene). It is also called Teflon 105. Solvent used for extraction of oil is hexane 106. Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it. methyl alcohol 107. Neoprene is chemically known as polychloroprene 108. Molecular weights of polymers are in the range of 102 - 107 109. Sulphur removal by heating of pyrite ore in presence of air is called its roasting 110. Deacon's method is used for the manufacture of chlorine 111. Laboratory glass wares which reacts with hydroflouric acid, are made of the __________ glass. Borosilicate 112. Prussian blue is chemically represented by Fe4 [Fe (CN6)3] 113. Transportation of 35% oleum during winter suffers from the problem of freezing, which can be overcome by the addition of small quantity of nitric acid

114. The most stable allotropic form of phosphorous is the __________ phosphorous. black 115. Starting material for the production of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is ethyl alcohol, ethylene 116. Which of the following processes can remove both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water ? Distillation 117. Rancidity of the fatty oil can be reduced by its hydrogenation 118. Platinum catalyst used in the earlier days of sulphuric acid manufacture by contact process suffers from the drawback like high cost, fragile nature, easy poisoning tendency 119. Tackiness\ of rubber decreases after its vulcanisation. 120. Boiling of water containing temporary hardness produces CO2 121. Starting material for the commercial production of ethyl alcohol in India is molasses 122. Phenol formaldehyde employs condensation polymerisation. 123. Shrinkage volume in cement setting depend upon the water to cement ratio, ambient temperature fluctuation, drying period. 124. Bisphenol A is produced by the condensation of acetone with phenol. 125. In Kraft process of paper manufacture, white cooking liquor consists of caustic soda sodium sulphide & sodium carbonate. 126. Presence of carbonaceous matter in the sewage causes reduction in its dissolved oxygen content thereby endangering the life of aquatic creatures. reduces sulphate ions to sulphides causing obnoxious smell. 127. A mineral is termed as 'ore', if a metal can be economically extracted from it. 128. In the manufacture of H2SO4, vanadium catalyst as compared to platinum catalyst gives higher conversion efficiency. has a longer life and is not poisoned by arsenic, handles lower SO2 content gas (7 -10% SO 2), thus increasing the capital cost of the plant. 129. Oleum produces fumes of SO3 130. 20% oleum means that in 100 kg oleum, there are 20 kg of SO3 and 80kg of H2SO4. 131. The major use of butadiene is in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. 132. Which of the following paper does not require a filler during manufacture ? Blotting paper 133. Industrial production of chloroform requires acetone and calcium hypochlorite 134. Styrene (a monomer for the production of polystyrene) is commercially produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.

135. Hydrogenation of oil takes place in a/an __________ reactor. trickle bed 136. Thermosetting plastic materials can not be melted after forming. 137. Favourable conditions for the liquefaction of gases in general are high pressure & low temperature. 138. In the manufacture of sulphuric acid from elemental sulphur, the following sequence of major operations is followed : furnace → converter → absorber 139. __________ nature of hypo (sodium thiosulphate) makes it useful in photography. Complex forming 140. Galena is an ore of lead. 141. Which of the following is an yellow pigment ? Lead chromates 142. The noble gas which occurs most abundantly in the atmosphere is argon 143. Production of alcohol by fermentation of molasses is an __________ process. Aerobic 144. Main constituents of portland cement are calcium aluminate and silicates 145. Sulphuric acid is mainly used in the __________ industry. Fertilizer 146. Alcohol percentage in molasses may be around 40 147. Main use of hydrazine is as a rocket fuel 148. Main use of liquid nitrogen is in refrigerative cooling. 149. Comparing sulphate process with sulphite process, we find that __________ in the later. both temperature & pressure in the former is more than that 150. Which of the following is a disacchride? Sucrose 151. Phenol formaldehyde is produced using polycondensation reaction. 152. Raw materials required for the manufacture of __________ is acetylene and hydrochloric acid. vinyl chloride 153. In industrial nomenclature, alcohol means ethanol 154. Which of the following is the purest form of water out of the following? Rain water 155. Use of water having dissolved oxygen in boilers promotes corrosion 156. Unsaturated oils compared to saturated oils have lower melting point & higher reactivity to oxygen. 157. With increase in temperature, the equilibrium constant at constant pressure (Kp) for oxidation of sulphur dioxide decreases 158. Electrodeposition of metals i.e. electroplating is never done on refractories

159. Hollander beater used during paper pulp manufacture does not facilitate the __________ of fibre. Strengthening 160. The biochemical treatment applied to sewage effluents is a process of oxidation 161. Yellow glycerine is made into white, using activated carbon 162. Very dilute solutions are generally used in fermentation reactions for which the optimum temperature range is __________ °C. 30 to 50 163. Brackish water which contains mostly dissolved salt, can be purified by the __________ process. reverse osmosis 164. Gypsum is chemically calcium sulphate 165. Phthalic anhydride is produced by the oxidation of benzene 166. Zeigler process produces high density polyethylene. 167. Carbon content of pitch (residue of coal tar distillation) is around __________ percent. 94 168. Sodium salt of higher molecular weight fatty acid is termed as the __________ soap. Soft 169. Synthetic glycerine is produced from propylene 170. Viscosity index improver (like polystrene or polyisobutylene) is added to lubricant to reduce the variation in its viscosity with temperature. 171. Sea weeds are an important source of iodine 172. Polythene is a/an __________ polymerisation product. Addition 173. Catalytic oxidation-dehydrogenation of methyl alcohol produces formaldehyde. 174. Styrene is produced from ethyl benzene by the process of dehydrogenation 175. Acetone is produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol 176. Bromine content in sea water may be around __________ ppm. 70 177. Argon is the third largest constituent of air (followed by N2 & O2). Its percentage by volume in air is 0.94 178. Poly tetraflouro ethylene (P.T.F.E.) is known as Teflon 179. Bakelite is same as thermosetting phenolformaldehyde. 180. Styrene is produced by the dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene 181. Which of the following is used as a coagulant in water treatment ? Ferrous sulphate 182. Groundwood paper is used in the manufacture of newsprint paper. 183. Hydrodenation of vegetable oils is a/an __________ reaction. Exothermic 184. Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium & magnesium sulphates & chlorides

185. Concentration of sulphide ores is done usually by froth floatation 186. Viscose rayon utilises H2SO4, NaOH and CS2 during its manufacture 187. Nylon 6-6 is manufactured from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. 188. Chemical name of Grignard reagent is ethyl magnesium chloride. 189. Which of the following processes is absent in glass manufacturing process ? Sintering 190. Dacron (or terylene) fibres as compared to nylon'fibres have better heat & acid resistant properties. poorer resistance to alkalis. poorer dyeability. 191. Low purity oxygen is used for chemical oxidation processes. 192. Which of the following contains least amount of N2 ? Coke oven gas 193. Calcination of limestone is not done in a __________ kiln for producing lime. fixed bed 194. Saponification value/number of an oil or fat is a measure of its average molecular weight. 195. Ethyl alcohol can be produced from waste sulphite substrate of paper mills. by esterification and hydroloysis of ethylene. from molasses. 196. Exothermic condensation reaction of monochlorobenzene with chloral in presence of 20% oleum as catalyst produces DDT. The reaction temperature is maintained at __________ °C. 15-30 197. Cement mainly contains CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 198. Coke used for the production of calcium carbide should have low ash content, low ignition temperature, high electrical resistivity. 199. Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose 200. Function of sodium thiosulphate (hypo) in development of photographic film/plate is to remove unexposed silver halide 201. High temperature carbonisation of coal takes place at __________ °C. 1100 202. White phosphorous is stored under water, because its kindling temperature in dry air is very low. 203. Charcoal, Sulphur, Potassium nitrate are constituent of gun powder. 204. Rotary kiln is involved in the production of cement, and lime from limestone 205. Vanillin is a type of flavor 206. Temporary hardness of water can be removed by boiling. 207. More than 100 percent of __________ is present in oleum. H2SO4

208. Pure rectified spirit contains about __________ percent alcohol. 95 209. Oxygen is separated by distillation from air after its liquefaction. The boiling point of oxygen is about __________ °C. -183 210. Titanium dioxide is a/an __________ colour pigment. White 211. Cellulose percentage in bamboo fiblre is about 50 212. Essential oils are usually obtained using leaching 213. Impurities present in brine is normally removed by treatment with NH3 and CO2., lime and soda ash. lime, ammonia and carbon. 214. Hydrogenation of oil/fat improve its resistance to rancid oxidation. raise its melting point. 215. Solvay process compared to modified solvay process can use low grade brine. has less corrosion problems. involves higher investment in NH3 recovery units than that for crystallisation units for NH4Cl. 216. Builders are added in soap to act as cleaning power booster 217. H2S is scrubbed from refinery gases by absorption using ethanol amine 218. Chlorine gas is produced by the electrolysis of brine (NaCl solution with solid NaCl make up) in mercury electrolytic cell. Which of the following is the anodic reaction? Oxidation of Cl- ions 219. Zeolite is a/an naturally occuring clay which is capable of exchanging cations. 220. Type of glass used in optical work is the __________ glass. Lead 221. Organic pigments are used as colouring materials in the soap manufacture. 222. Glass is a super cooled liquid 223. Analgesic drugs are pain relievers 224. Purity of oxygen used for blowing in steel making L.D. converter is 99.5%. The boiling point of oxygen is about _________...