INFO final exam cheat sheet study guide PDF

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final exam study guide cheat sheet
INFO 102
professor Lori Kendall...

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Social INFO- interdisciplinary study of the design, uses/consequences of IT that takes into account their interaction w institutional& cultural contexts info tech- all forms of tech used to create, store, exchange, &use information in all its various forms (data, voice convos, images, motion pics& those not yet conceived) Social construction of tech (SCOT)- tech are created & used by ppl in social contexts Technological determinism- tendency to view technology as ind force changes or influences society, casting it as a reactive agent (uto/dystopian discourse, moral panic) Elements of progress narratives (accretion-idea tht each new scientific &tech innov. builds on last)(improvement-bc we have built on previous tech, each innovation is better than the rest)(natural evolution-progression we are seeing is inevitable &natural (faith in technofixes-recognize prob w new tech have faith that the next version will fix) Applying SCOT-consid ppl, tech, &social contexts/examining interactions btw elements(critique of progress narratives-circular logic,ignore human aspects,present society as seamless,cui bono? (who benefits?) Social shaping-affordances &limitations:2 way influence: we shape technologies which also exert influences &constraints (it shapes US too) Ex. SCOT: Stilgoe on self-driving cars-transition won’t b smooth, some risks are qualitatively diff than others, techs distribute risks &benefits evenly) Baym’s 7 concepts ○ interactivity(social interactivity-ability of a medium to enable social interactions between groups or individuals, technical interactivity-a mediums capability of letting humans modify it via interface)(textual interactivity- creative &interpretative interaction btw users)(temporal structure-synchronous types of com-skype,async form com-email) ○ Social cues(rich media- enable lot of info abt ppl 2b transmitted whatever purposeful msg trying 2 get across/in person get most social cues, Snap v rich bc u c ppls face, lean media- media type that gives u least amt social cues, txt is lean, so we add emojis 2 make more rich,,, anon vs. pseudonymity) ○ Storage(persistence, storage &retrieval) ○ Replicability(something that can be copied-texting:copy &paste) ○ Reach(diff mdia targeted toward diff audiences) ○ Mobility(portability vs. stationary,availability vs. autonomy) ○ Control ○ Directionality(1 way vs 2 way:twitter is mostly 1 way) Blumber’s basic premises of symbolic interactionism-human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have 4 them(meaning of things arises out of social interaction,meanings negotiated &interpreted by humans, meanings accumulate through histories of encounters, interactions, &negotiations (Kendall’s Addendum) Symbolic interactionism: meaning &objects(objects don’t have a set, given meaning, meaning of obj is social accomplishment &can change in diff social contexts) irresistibility of cell phones(phubbing- taking out ur phone &using it 2 ignore everyone around u/high internet use/low-self control, fomo)

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Ideology-system of ideas &ideals, especially 1 that forms the basis of economic or political theory &policy Media ideologies-ppls ideas abt the medium shape the ways that medium will deliver a msg, they are abt 1 medium are always affected by the media ideologies people have about other media Second order information-without indications about how the sender would like the message received, u nvr send w/o, rich vs. lean, pick which platform 2 send 2 give an idea of what ur doing Idioms of practice-ppl figure out together how 2 use diff mdia &often agree on the appr social uses of tech by asking advice &sharing stories w each other Identity themes(continuity-state or fact of being the same one)(integration-remaining the same, as under varying aspects/conditions)(distinctness-particular person or thing/condition of being oneself or itself or not another)(similarity-associate one/oneself in feeling, interest, action, etc)//(personal/felt: my name is bay)(personal/ascribed:he has blu eyes)(social/felt: i’m a woman)(social/ascribed:he’s black) ur technology identity includes ur beliefs abt(1-ur own tech skills)(2-opp for & constraints on ur use of technology)(3-importance of tech)(4-ur motivation 2 learn more abt tech) Descriptions of aspects of technology identities ○ Skills: not fluent → highly fluent ○ Opportunities &constraints: highly constrained, challenged, partially productive, productive, saturated ○ Important: not at all important → very important ○ Motivation: completely unmotivated, unexcited, eager, interested, infatuated Communicating identity to others ○ Performances vs. displays ■ Interactive, synchronous → static, asynchronous Identity display in vr &online games Information technologies &identity Memory ○ How do we use information technologies in relation to memory? ○ What are the affordances &constraints affecting these uses? Terminology ○ Quantified self ○ Lifelogging ○ Personal informatics ○ Self-tracking 5 r’s (lifelogging promises to do these things)-(recollecting-reliving past events 4 practical purposes)(reminiscing-sentimental purposes)(retrieving-accessing documents &data)(reflecting-analysis of patterns in past behavior)(remembering intentions) Modes of self-tracking(private-self-initiated, voluntary,purpose: self-awareness, life improvement or optimization,private or limited sharing)(communal-self-initiated or encouraged by outside agency, voluntary,purpose: similar to private,voluntary sharing within a community of self-trackers)(pushed-encouraged by outside agency w > power,

voluntary-ish,purpose: outside agency encouraging behavior changes, required or encouraged sharing w outside agency)(imposed-required by outside agency w > power, non-voluntary, purpose: productivity, efficiency, monitoring, required sharing wimposing agency)(exploited-encouraged by an outside agency w greater resources, voluntary tracking/ non-voluntary sharing of data, purpose: collecting of data for marketing/other economic purposes (incentives provided for customers),required sharing w encouraging agency) ●

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Management ○ What challenges do we face in our use of information technologies, especially social media? ○ How do we manage all the different forms of information technology we use? Wyatt’s categories of non-users(resisters - never had access &never wanted it/non-use in a high use environment)(rejecters - tried it but gave up voluntarily, leaving grindertech: deleting app, closing acc social: exiting culture, forfeiting as means of meeting others)(expelled - had access but lost it/affected bystanding-condition of ind who involuntarily exp impact of others use of tech sys while not relating to these systems as users themselves ex. tvs in public)(excluded - never had access despite wanting it, digital divides) Users(makers, hackers, &crafters: make their own or alter technology to suit themselves)(users: choosing to use a technology more or less as-is)(affected bystanders: unintentional use/exposed 2 others use) IT &everyday life topics &themes ○ Media ideologies - meaning ○ Tech identity - identity ○ The quantified self - memory (sellen & whittaker, baym) -\> ○ The spectrum of use &non use - management Intellectual property (IP)-creations of the mind, ex. inventions; literary and artistic works; designs& symbols, names& images used in commerce. An intangible form of property that’s protected by a sys of laws such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, through which authors and inventors are given ownership rights over their creative works (ex. Books, poems, songs) and inventions ○ US IP protections(patents-temp. monopoly (20 years), tangible, useful, nonobvious device or process)(trademark-signifiers (logos, designs, etc)(trade secret-case law, abetted by some recent statuses, held indefinitely as long as secret is protected)(copyright-limited protection of artistic works to encourage creativity) ○ Ip category of use - relationship of the use 2 US copyright law ○ Ip mode of use - what u do w the material ○ Ip context of use - where, with whom, for what fair use 4 factors eval

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1. purpose&character of use(how transformed?copied?value added?-nonprofit&edu.use better than commercial//transformative-new work) ○ 2.nature of copyrighted use(actual/fiction,published/unpublished-worse2copy) ○ 3.amt and sustainability of portion taken(...