Intro Eng, and Writing Stud. 1 12 18 PDF

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Notes on 2018 lectures. professor Ernst Gerhardt ENGL 1706...

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Sentences Declarative - Sentenced which make statements of supposed facts - E.g. Christopher MArlowe wrote “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”. Interrogative - Sentences that pose questions - Usually concludes with a question mark - E.g. Did Christopher Marlowe write “The Passionate Shepherd of His Love”? Imperative - Sentences that give commands or make requests Exclamatory - Sentences that express a strong feeling with excitement or with emphasis - Usually ends with an exclamation point Parts of a Sentence Subject - What acts, i.e. the source of action - What is talked about - I.e. the topic of the sentence - Usually a noun or pronoun Predicate - What the subject does, i.e. the action - What is said about the subject - Usually a verb Simplest declarative sentence contains a subject and a predicate - That is, a noun that acts and a verb the action Articles - Sometimes called markers or determiners - Indefinite articles: a, an - Determine an unspecified object (e.g. He read a book) -

Definite article: the Determines a specified object (e.g. she read the book)

Modifiers - Words that change or limit the meaning of the nouns and verbs - Adjectives modify nouns (e.g. The cold wind blew) - Adverbs modify verbs (e.g. the wind blew strongly) Objects - Direct objects - Recipient or action - A noun or pronoun - Pattern S-V-DO (e.g. Jack read the book./Marlowe wrote poems.) -

Indirect object Recipient of the direct object A noun or pronoun

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Pattern: S-V-DO-IO (e.g. Jack read the book to his children./Marlowe wrote love poems for his mistress.) Pattern: S-V-IO-DO (e.g. Jack read his children the book./Marlowe wrote his mistress love poems.)

Poetry Written (and oral) literary expression characterized by its attention to... - Rhythm - Sound (e.g. rhythm, alliteration, rhyme) - Concrete use of language / visual appearance has significance (e.g. George Herbert’s “Easter Wings”, which is shaped to look like angel wings) Can be defined in contrast to… - Verse - Poetry = subset of verse - Verse defined by a construction according to lines - lines - Patterned, recurrent meter -

NOTE: “verse” has multiple meanings. A mode of written expression A line of verse (or of poetry) In modern song lyrics, verse is a collection of usually rhymed lines, in contrast to the song’s course - Biblical indexical feature (i.e. chapter and verse) Can be defined in contrast to… - Prose - Written expression without attention to recurrent meter, rhythm, and line breaks Features of Poetry Line (the smallest unit of writing in poetry. It will strive to make a particular type of meaning and will divide the sentences into smaller chunks.) - Constructed according to a patterned repetition of sounds - Meter, a patterned repetition of stressed syllables - And/or rhyme, a patterned repetition of sound, usually at the end of the line -

A unit of meaning; does not correspond to grammatical units, sentences continue from one line to the next

Stanza - A grouped set of lines in a poem, usually separated from other such groups by a blank line - Often grouped together by a recurrent pattern (form). For example… - Constant number of lines - Constant number and patterning of stresses per line (meter) - Rhymes scheme

PORTFOLIO ENTRY #1 1/12/18 Pastoral poetry often refers to countryside with farm animals, and is romanticized and idealized to make this setting to be something of Eden. Often love poems, these shepherds are portrayed to be falling in love and are speaking love poems to pass the time as their profession is rather boring. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” Form - Stanzas - 6 - Line - 4 - Rhyme - A,A / B,B - Meter- Iambic quadrameter (4 iam’s per line instead of 5) Voice -

Male, shepherd, in love Romantic language Offers services and extravagant gifts Incongruity between profession and the kinds of gifts that he is offering. He obtains these gifts for his lover through means of nature (coral, amber, wool, etc.) “Salesman” … poem attempting a form of persuasion… trying to obtain relationship Loves the nature that he lives in, presenting himself that way Values his work Uses lambs instead of sheep because they are more attractive and appealing

Audience - Supposed love/object of his affection - Asking her to live with him - Woman out of his league or class that possibly comes from a higher class background that needs persuasion with lavish gifts - Promising her a life of ease and the kind of riches that appeal to her What? - “Please come and live with me and I will treat you the way you deserve”

“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” Form -

Stanzas - 6 Line - 4 Rhyme - A,A/B,B Meter - Iambic Quadrameter

Voice - The woman that was addressed within the first poem - Mythical woman that could have been idealized as a parody or satirical approach to Marlowe’s poem - Stating that the gifts expire and are temporary and are therefore of no desire to her - The seasons change and the beauty that Marlowe states will not be permanent in parallel to his feelings are also the same - comes from a place of lust and are changeable, not as permanent - Metonymy Audience - Marlowe’s shepherd - Double audience where we are eavesdropping on these poem’s speakers but there is also a sense where these poems are also speaking to us What?...