Introduction To Psychology - Lecture notes - Chapter 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Introduction To Psychology - Lecture notes - Chapter 1 PDF

Description

Chapter 1

04/04/2014



Introspection: a systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts – William Wundt  

Structuralism: an approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components – William Wundt  

Stream of consciousness: a phrase coined by William James to describe each person’s continuous series of every-changing thoughts  Rejected structuralism

 

Functionalism: an approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose or function of mind and balance   Evolutionary theory: a theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin  Views the history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics of mental active and behavior   Adaptations: in evolutionary theory, the physical characteristics, skills or abilities that increase the chances of reproduction or survival and are therefore likely to be passed along to future generations   Natural selection: in evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who do not.   Gestalt school was founded by Max Wertheimer  Against structuralism    

The whole is different from the sum of its parts How people see things differently o Affects the study of vision

Mary Whiton Calkins- women who was refused doctorate from Harvard  Focused on the concept of self

   

   

Margaret Floy Washburn  First women to receive phd in psych Sigmund Freud  Father of psychoanalytic theory  Developed psychoanalysis o Brings the patient’s unconscious into the patient’s conscious  Free association- patient talks about whatever he or she wanted to for as long as they wanted  Reveals the unconscious conflicts Behaviorism: What people and animals do – the observable action

Cognitive research shows that the way people think about things influences their behavior  

Cognitive neuroscience: studies the neural mechanisms (mechanisms involving the brain, nerves and nervous tissue) that underlie thought, learning and memory   Social psychology: how social setting affects interactions  Kurt Lewin   While the brain adapts biologically, the contents of the mind adapt to cultural influences   Liking sweet food was an adaptive measure   Ethnomusicology- the cross-cultural study of music preferences   Cognitive psychologists: study processes such as thinking, perceiving ,problem solving, decision making, using language and learning

 

Development psychologists study how people change across the life

span  Personality psychologists study what characteristics people display  Social psychologists focus on how people are affected by the presence of others and their impressions of others  Cultural psychologists seek to understand how people are influenced by the societal rules   Structuralism- William Wundt, Titchener  Functionalism- Dewey, James  Gestalt psychology- Kohler, Wertheimer  Behaviorism- Skinner, Watson  Cognitive Psychology- Kohler, Miller , Tolman    

Social Psychology- Lewin

04/04/2014 

04/04/2014 ...