IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System PDF

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ................................................................................

Description

2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 2

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 5

2.1 Functional Description .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Block Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Flow Chart............................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK DONE ............................. 8

3.1 Hardware Description ........................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Solar Panel ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 IR Sensors ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 Arduino ......................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) ................................................................................. 13 3.1.5 Power Light Emitting Diode (LED) ............................................................................. 15 3.1.6 Voltage Regulator (LM317) ......................................................................................... 16 3.1.7 ULN2003 Darlington Pair ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.8 Resistors........................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.9 Capacitors ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.10 Op-Amp 741 ............................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Solar Battery Charging Circuit ........................................................................................... 24 3.3 Input Module Working........................................................................................................ 26 3.4 Output Module Working ..................................................................................................... 27 3.5 Internet of Things (IoT) ...................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 4

APPLICATIONS .............................................................................. 32

4.1 Area of applications ............................................................................................................ 32 4.2 Advantages .......................................................................................................................... 32 i

2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System 4.3 Disadvantages ..................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 5

GANTT CHART ............................................................................. 34

5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Project schedule .................................................................................................................. 34 5.3 Cost estimation .................................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 6

RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................................... 37

6.1 Results and Discussions ...................................................................................................... 37 6.2 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 39 6.3 Limitations .......................................................................................................................... 39 FUTURE SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 40 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 41 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................. 42

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

List of Figures Fig 2.1: Block Diagram ................................................................................................................... 6 Fig 2.2: Flow chart .......................................................................................................................... 7 Fig 3.1: Solar Panel ......................................................................................................................... 8 Fig 3.2: IR Sensor Diagram .......................................................................................................... 10 Fig 3.3: Infra-Red Sensor ............................................................................................................. 10 Fig 3.4: IR Sensor ........................................................................................................................ 11 Fig 3.5: Arduino Specification ...................................................................................................... 12 Fig 3.6: Arduino UNO .................................................................................................................. 13 Fig 3.7: Symbol of LDR ............................................................................................................... 14 Fig 3.8: LDR ................................................................................................................................ 14 Fig 3.9: Power LED ...................................................................................................................... 15 Fig 3.10: Voltage Regulator Circuit diagram ................................................................................ 16 Fig 3.11: Functional Diagram of LM317 ...................................................................................... 17 Fig 3.12: Schematic for ULN2003 driver ..................................................................................... 18 Fig 3.14: ULN2003 Pin Diagram .................................................................................................. 19 Fig 3.16: Resistor .......................................................................................................................... 20 Fig 3.17: Capacitors ...................................................................................................................... 21 Fig 3.18: Op-Amp 741 .................................................................................................................. 22 Fig 3.19: Op-Amp 741 Pin Diagram ............................................................................................. 23 Fig 3.20: Battery Charging Circuit through Solar Panel ............................................................... 25 Fig 3.21: Input Module Diagram .................................................................................................. 26 Fig 3.22: Output Module Diagram ................................................................................................ 27 Fig 3.23: Internet of Things .......................................................................................................... 28 Fig 3.24: Firebase website ............................................................................................................ 29 Fig 3.25: Firebase application front view ..................................................................................... 31 Fig 3.26: Firebase application inside view.................................................................................... 31 Fig 6.1: Solar Smart Street Light without any vehicle .................................................................. 37 Fig 6.2: Vehicle present at 1st Sensor ............................................................................................ 38 Fig 6.3: Vehicle present at 2nd Sensor .......................................................................................... 38 Fig 6.4: IoT display on web browser ............................................................................................ 39 iii

2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

List of Tables Table 5.1: Gantt Chart…………………………………………………………………………35 Table 5.2: Cost estimation chart……………………………………………………………….36

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

Abstract The main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source of the power(Thermal, Hydro etc.) are getting diminished due to various reasons. As we all know that energy consumption has increased a lot and sources of energy are limited so in order to meet the increasing demand of energy use of renewable sources of energy is a must. The project aims to describe a method for modifying street light illumination by using sensors at minimum electrical energy consumption. When presence is detected, all surrounding street lights glow at their brightest mode, else they stay in the dim mode. LED bulbs shall be implemented as they are better than conventional incandescent bulbs in every way. This shall reduce heat emissions, power consumption, maintenance and replacement costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Coupled with SSSLS (Solar Smart Street Light System), massive energy-savings are envisioned. Also, a demonstration with a real-time proto type model involving costs and implementation procedure has been developed using internet of things (IoT) to visualize the real time updates of street processing and notifying the changes occur.

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction Nowadays, human has become too busy, and is unable to find time to switch the lights wherever not necessary. The present system is like the lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the outside. But the actual timing for these lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent. This paper gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. The energy consumption in entire world is increasing at the fastest rates due to population growth and economic development and the availability of energy sources remains woefully constrained. Resource augmentation and growth in energy supply has not kept pace with increasing demand and, therefore, continues to face serious energy shortages. Streetlights are an integral part of any developing locality. They are present on all major roadways and in the suburbs too. Every day, streetlights are powered from sunset to sunrise at full strength, even when there is no one around. On a global scale, millions of dollars are spent each day on these street lights to provide the required electrical energy. The maintenance and replacement costs of conventional incandescent bulbs are immense. They consume a lot of electric power to function and their heat emissions are also quite high. All of this contributes to greater demand of electricity production and consequently, more carbon dioxide emissions from powerhouses. So, along with unnecessary light pollution, this practice causes damage to our planet too. The project aims at harvesting the energy from renewable energy sources like sun and to effectively use the harvested energy for the benefit of mainly the remote villages (villagers) facing the serious power problems. The main aim of the project is to provide a “IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System” powered with solar energy during night time. We use the word “smart” because the system not only provide power to the street lights but also helps in detecting the direction of movement of the pedestrian and helps him by means of illuminating the path of movement till the near next street light. By integrating the entire street lights with 2|Page

2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System Smart street light system it is possible to systematically help the pedestrian to reach the destination in the remote rural areas which are facing serious electric power supply problem. The same system can also be used in metropolitan cities as well. A simple and effective solution to this would be dimming the lights during off peak hours. Whenever presence is detected, the lights around it will glow at the normal (bright) mode. This would save a lot of energy and also reduce cost of operation of the streetlights. We can check the status of street light on internet using IOT (Internet of things) from anywhere in real time and solve the issues if happen during the processing. Additionally, a table top prototype has been constructed to display the concept’s functioning. The components used for the real-life implementation are substituted appropriately to recreate the ambience.

1.2 Background The key indicators of India’s energy problems include; Over 40 per cent of the households (particularly rural areas) in India still do not have electricity, about a third of our total primary energy supply to rural areas still comes from non-commercial sources (biomass, dung) and currently India faces an enormous demand supply gap of about 15-25% energy shortage. Due to shortage of the energy supply till today several villages have not facilitated with electricity and even if provided, the supply of the electricity is limited to few hours in a day and are facing serious problems due to unlimited power cuts. During the day time we get enormous amount of light energy from sun and the problem for pedestals are common during the night time. Though most of the streets are equipped with street lights in each and every village areas but due to the uncontrolled power failures/power cut it is becoming a serious problem for villagers to commute for irrigational field work during the night time due to unlimited power cuts which indirectly affect the crop yield of the farmer. Such trends often discourage the villagers taking up agriculture which is the backbone of our economy. It also poses a serious threat to the villagers from physical hazards such as thieves, snakebites, etc. Installation of street lights may seem a pleasant option. Hence the best option is to install solar powered street lights and moving a step ahead, we designed this ‘Solar Powered Smart Street Lighting System with IOT’.

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

1.3 Objective The main objective of this project is to implement a IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System. As the traffic decreases slowly during late-night hours, the intensity gets reduced progressively till morning to save energy and thus, the street lights switch on at the dusk and then switch off at the dawn, automatically. The process repeats every day. White Light Emitting Diodes (LED) replaces conventional HID lamps in street lighting system to include dimming feature. The intensity is not possible to be controlled by the high intensity discharge (HID) lamp which is generally used in urban street lights. LED lights are the future of lighting because of their low energy consumption and long life. LED lights are fast replacing conventional lights because intensity control is possible by the pulse width modulation. This proposed system uses an Arduino board. Strings of LED are interfaced to the Arduino board. A programmed Arduino board is engaged to provide different intensities at different times of the night. This project is enhanced by integrating the LDR to follow the switching operation precisely and IOT to display the status of street on web browser and help in controlling it. The main objectives are as follows: 



To avoid unnecessary Waste of light.

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Totally based on Renewable energy sources.

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Provide efficient, automatic and smart lightning system.

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Longer life expectancy. Energy Saving.

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Functional Description The present system employs power delivery via a single phase line to the streetlight. The proposed system involves five more components to regulate the power delivery. An Infra-Red Proximity Sensor at the base of the street light detects presence in a small area around the street light. The data from the sensor is sent to the Arduino which forms brain of the circuit. The Arduino then commands to switch between dim and bright modes depending upon the requirement and thus controls the brightness of the street light. A battery eliminator, also powered by the single phase line, is used to supply 5V inputs to the sensors and Arduino. The design basically includes three working modes:

OFF mode : When there is enough natural light in the surrounding i.e. during the



daytime, the entire system is switched off and the batteries are charging.



automatically turns on and the motion sensors are powered.

Active mode : When the natural light drops below a certain level the system

ON mode : On the presence of pedestrians, the sensors turns on which in turn switches on the LED lights. These lights turns off after a period of time.

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2016| IoT based Automatic Street Lightning System

2.2 Block Diagram

Switching

Solar Panel

Battery

Circuit

LDR

Arduino

IR Sensor

Power LED

IOT (Internet

Circuit

of Things)

Fig 2.1: Block Diagram

This block diagram describes the working of project ‘Solar smart Street light System with IoT’. 

Solar panel of 10Watt is used here with will converts the incoming sunlight into electrical energy and used to charge the battery using switching circuit which converts the varying



voltage into stable voltage.

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