Jazz - Lecture notes ALL PDF

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Next test quizlet: h  ttps://quizlet.com/10533227/jazz-flash-cards/ Study guide for test: 45- 60 mins (he wants to do a lecture after the test) Total: 60 pts 30 pts : listening section, multiple choice. 15 music samples, 65 - 75 secs each -- each songs one time each. 2 pts each -- 1st part of test Identify the style of music you’re listening to : (a) work song/folk hymn (keeping singing about jesus) - sounds similar acapella with guitar -- rhyming scheme john the revelator. Verse - chorus. Only the acapella b) country/blues - male singer, slide guitar, son house, charlie patton, robert johnson Blues - a/a/b lyric structure. c) classic blues -- women singers aab lyric structure d) ragtime - if it’s only piano 2 types of ragtime u may hear. Scott johnson all by itself. Or the ragtime band. Solo piano or ragtime band e) dixieland - black bottom stomp, sweetie dear, gumbo ya-ya. Big tells : ragtime bands have violins (therefore, not listening to dixieland - doesn’t have violins)

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Second part of test:

Identify the innovators (10 of them) - 1 pt each Instrument they played & style of music they’re affiliated with - some of them have 2 instruments - Jelly roll morton - dixieland piano player - Robert johnson - country blues guitarist/singer - Scott joplin - Composer of ragtime - If they make it to a slide they make it to the list - 2 classic blues ladies

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4 dixielanders -- buddy bolden, jelly roll morton, sidney bechet, joe ‘king’ oliver For 5 musicians of your choice, you can add another fact -one more pertinent fact that proves even further that they’re an innovator - “Jelly Roll Morton had a crazy ass business card that you can’t get out of your mind” - will NOT except: dead, black, white, female. Doesn’t matter. 3rd section --

Mini essays - 10 points/ topic (20 pts total) -

Only a ¶ or 2 ¶s Social cultural topics

Topic 1: the birth of jazz -- the beginning of everything. More than just jazz meets ragtime - how’d they meet, why’d they meet. Storyville, brass brands. The roles of the creoles. Segregation. - Dont waste time on ancient persia. Topic 2: the  spread of jazz story - Went from obscurity to this mainstream thing in a decade and a half - Great migration - using the word jazz - The first recordings

A page or a little less - Comparing and contrasting 2 performances - Being as specific as possible -- show / where specifically do you hear the “call and response’ - Quote lyrics

Watch the Son House (country blues) and Bessie Smith (classic blues) videos found in the web links and videos menu on the homepage. In two paragraphs, give your impressions of performance style and each performers use of all 4 'jazz DNA' elements. Are there similarities between the two performances in style or content, if so mention specifics. Site specific moments in each song to support your ideas, referencing either lyrics or, more importantly, timings (ei. at 2:30 the guitar did x,y and z).

-- all 4 dna elements - conclusions: are they using it specifically or what Birth of jazz - Jazz was just known as hot music - Blues, country blues and ragtime - 1899, dance craze phenomenon - Dance halls - Known that it was born in new orleans - Why new orleans - How did blues (rural folk music) before and ragtime meet Start convo on spread of jazz

How and why for the blues: - Cotton - agricultural industry - Folk amateur far away from mainstream music Ragtime

Creoles of colour - mixed parents, - French slave system - Offspring of french were seen as people -- their children were either born free or given their freedom after a certain age - Passing as white - powerful group, ed., opera singers, docs, went to france to study, became slave owners themselves

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Mansions of the garden district, former creole neighborhoods. Operating in upper class. Not black/white or american. - conservatory trained 1932, he said “im french” when being asked about black

New orleans - Was a bubble for a long time - Functioning in a diff strata of society - They didnt have ‘white’ - Politicians created white and black when designating, didnt know where to put sicilians or chinese - Jim crow segregation - creating white and black in am - 48 acres and a mule - charles sumner - a ‘radical idea’ newly freed slaves were ppl. And should be given the oppt. - Never giving that equal footing to start. And land was currency, a farming nation - Ple, vs. fergusen 128th part african heritage in you, then you were seen as 100% and had to be Birth of jazz - new orleans Synthesis between blues and ragtime - Brass band tradition and the creole - Mixed ensembles black and creole players fuse blues improv individuality call and response with ragtime syncopation technique form. - Storyville - red light district - Solo piano in brothels fuses blues and rag elements - Buddy bolden - -considered the first new orleans jazz cornetist - brass band leader - Credited as the founder of jazz - Never made a record - Everyone mentioned his band as the first one Jelly ray morton - Could hang out french, blues, and creoles - Maple leaf rag - New orleans style - can u hear the jazz dna - syncopation, in the left hand - half time )half the speed and double the syncopation., call and response

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Ragtime is supposed to have just steady beats in the left hand, doesnt have call and response

Dixieland - new orleans jazz style characteristics - Front line - play melodies - trumpet, clarinet, trombone - Back line piano, perc, banjo, tuba. - keeping the beat and harmony - Gumbo ya-ya (new orleans terms for talking)- collective improv - group dialogue Big 4 beat - Whereas a march is supposed to be on one and three - Collective improv - Musical arrangement: musical map, whatever the ensemble is you’re going to the map. What instruments are playing, but more importantly when are they playing

Jazz on the road Style characteristics - Female singers with small band - Autobiographical themes of relationships, range of emotions (ex. Types of love) Ma rainey - One of the earliest known professional blues singers and one of the first generation of such singers to record - She was billed as the mother of the blues Bessie smith - master of the classic blues style - true virtuoso - The most popular and successful female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s - Strong influence on subsequent generations of female performers, including billie holiday. Nina simone - Working in the minstrel shows to $2/week → $2000/ week - Crossover appeal (black & white), elegance, class, dancing, costume changes, and deals with the business. - Chased away the KKK - St. louis blues - Bends and slides are matched by the trumpet player, expressing loss and expressing pain. Organ and trumpet

Black cat hoot howl - Very superstitious about this relationship - Black cats crossing her path

Sonhouse: -- he starts off the video by explaining the story about the song he wrote, it is about preaching the blues. The song is begins with the guitar, with quick plucks of the strings and bends. He starts singing or ‘preaching’ at 1:17, his first words being, “I said, uh, I’m goin’ give me a religion.” His singing style sounds like it is a mix between shouting the words like most country/folk blues male singers do, giving it more of preacher’s style. This is a stark contrast to how Bessie Smith’s song, which is the style of a music video. She is sitting on the ground and starts off in a conversation type style, repeating the words, “My Man,” twice,” which is similar to how Son House begins as if he were relaying the information to someone. Bessie Smith, however, begins her song in a cappella. After saying, “My Man,” she takes a shot of what looks like hard liquor, and then continues singing. Her heartbreaking voice bends the lyrics, “My man’s got a heart like a rock cast in the sea,” (0:22). She sings the first line (0:14) a higher octave with, “My man’s” then she goes down a few notes for, “got a heart,” then going back to her previous voice, “like a rock” then she finishes in bluesy tones, “cast in,” then bends the word, “the” and finishes off with “sea.” Smith then repeats the first line of the song in a different harmony three more times with different variations of the melody, as if they were all harmonising off the previous one. It also sounds like improvisations. Bessie Smith stops singing and that is when a piano starts playing out a bluesy melody. The piano acts like a little introduction to the next part of the melody, or in other words, ‘story’ to When piano stops for a beat at 1:14, to allow Smith to continue the rest of the song.

The trumpet is playing back up to the chorus of singers and bessie smith.

She has a whole chorus of singers adding to the call and response aspect to the song. And the instruments have a background role to the chorus of singers. Whereas sun House’s song consists of just him and his guitar. The guitar has just as much of a main part to the song if not more, than the singing. In Son House’s version of jazz his guitar is a part of him. He is having a conversation or a call and response with the instrument because his voice and the guitar are one. You cannot have one without the other.

Bessie smith starts singing another song called, “My man’s got a heart like a rock cast in the sea,” to set the mood of the piece. Then at 1:21 she begins singing the actual “St. Louis Blues,” which is a different song altogether.

To the st Louis blues. The lower notes on the piano are continued to be played backing up Smith’s singing. At 1:21, the brass instruments, as in the trumpets and saxophones start playing alongside a chorus of singings, mimicking the melody. When the chorus starts to sing is when a call and response occurs between Smith and the chorus. The chorus does not just sing the response to Smith’s call however, while Smith is singing they accompany her voice in lower tones with lyrics, much like the trumpets do as back up. When Smith sings, the chorus hums in a deeper tone, but when it is their turn to respond to Smith’s singing they sing in higher tones. An example of Smith’s call, is “I hate’s evening sun goes down,” (1:29). The the chorus responds during Smith’s last word when she would be singing, “down” they respond with, “Evening sun go down,” (1:32). The chorus acts as a balance to Smith’s voice, and its timbre changes depending on when Smith sings. The chorus is louder and sing at a higher pitch, for example at 2:23, when Smith is not singing to further indicate the response factor. They also repeat what Smith says, such as, “Feel tomorrow like I feel today,” (1:48) the chorus will sing, “Feel tomorrow like I feel today,” (1:54). And it will be at different pitches and tonalities. Smith sings, “Feel tomorrow” with a bend and in a deeper timbre than the chorus that sings the lyrics in a more clean cut version without the bends, and in a higher octave like choir singers would.

At 2:08 the chorus

Son House’s song has a call and response like Smith does, but it is only him and his guitar playing the song. For example at, 1:25, “I said, I was going’ join the Baptist church,” then he plucks and strums the guitar as a response to his singing at 1:26. Son House bends the sound of the guitar with his slider on his finger, which he slides up and down the neck of the guitar to create more of a bluesy/folk type sound, creating a eerie tone. The camera frame moves to Son House’ hand that is plucking and the strumming the guitar, and at 1:35 it shows him plucking and bending the sound of one string on the guitar. 1:54 shows a specific response Son House plays on the guitar. At 2:26, Son House’s voice trills

Bessie smith does another call and response at 1:30 Son houses’ lyrics are repeated one each time a new ‘story’ or character Comparatively D Son house uses a slider for the guitar for the purpose of bending the sound making it sound more like

The song has a very distinct beat that he keeps by tapping his foot, adding to the song.

Watch the Son House (country blues) and Bessie Smith (classic blues) videos found in the web links and videos menu on the homepage. In two paragraphs, give your impressions of performance style and each performers use of all 4 'jazz DNA' elements. Are there similarities between the two performances in style or content, if so mention specifics. Site specific moments in each song to support your ideas, referencing either lyrics or, more importantly, timings (ei. at 2:30 the guitar did x,y and z). Search entries or author

give your impressions of performance style and each performers use of all 4 'jazz DNA' elements. - Syncopated rhythm - Call and response -

Both Bessie Smith’s and Son House Blues’ music are repitive in concerns to the lyrics

Dixieland - new orleans jazz style characteristics -- bessie smith’s is more like this version

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Front line - play melodies - trumpet, clarinet, trombone Back line piano, perc, banjo, tuba. - keeping the beat and harmony Gumbo ya-ya (new orleans terms for talking)- collective improv - group dialogue

Early jazz spreads across US Jazz and society at the turn of the century - The great migration (1916 - 1919) - has to do with the movement of people - ½ million afro americans move from south to northern cities looking for better - After WWI we become a industrial nation - Better paying jobs - working class and middle class -- start to have ‘nights’ and the weekend - People can actually go out to the movies and buy a record - work and to escape segregation - Jazz immortality and youth culture - Origin of word; supposedly a slang term for sex - Jazz is the new dance music for rebellious youth culture - Term first used in print 1913 (san fran)

The great migration - Original dixieland jazz band (1917) - A new orleans band which was the first ever to make a “jazz” recording and the first jazz band to achieve widespread prominence - All white band did not improvise but introduced jazz-like sounds to pop culture. - Cities like cleveland, detroit where they were popping First time the concept of jazz in the media. Newspaper -- creole new orleans band in san fran -

Both white and black america

Freddie ‘King’ keppard a cornetist: -

The record industry wasnt really a thing

Irish, german, and italian immigrants Waw-waw yute - Passed up the first opportunity to make a jazz record

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Nyc - dixieland band was recorded - 5 white musicians Sold 250 k records that yr - 1917 - out sold the entirety of the records since then - La rocca - son of an italian shoe maker, taught himself to play jazz - Released march 7th 1917 - emphasis on comedy - Played extra fast to fit on one side of the record - For better or for worse, jazz had ended my life The music allowed them to look away from europe and africa and look at america as the now and the future. A way to feel american emersonian doctrine of create ur music here. The music of now. The new stuff. This is america It was the new wave of immigrants: german, irish, italian -- the working class Eric’s grandfather was a professional jazz dancer born in the 1900 -- was one of the new teens that was just invented

The music is very segregated. - People would buy the record without even having a record player. b/c it’s a cool thing to have Jelly roll morton - Sept. 20 - American virtuoso pianist, bandleader and composer who’s seen by some as the first true composer of jazz - Charisamtic character who publicised himself by heavily bragging - His business card referred to him as the originator of jazz, and he is valued as a vital source of rare info about early jazz - Jelly roll is - Wore diamond grills to make his teeth sparkly -- it’s cool marketing because it draws attention to u. - like MJ’s one diamond glove - Would walk in and say, “world’s greatest pianist” - rodoucious attitude Sidney bechet - Jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer - One of the first important soloists in jazz - Summertime -- second chorus, the browls - then blending it with the other stuff. A slide. Then some bends are coming up. King oliver - Bandleader and jazz cornet player - Important in the 1920s chicago jazz scene gave louis armstrong his big break

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L.arm was a student - because it takes the pressure off his lips - gumbo ya-ya with just the 2 trumpets Pulled Armstrong out of total obscurity, was playing river boat gigs for tourists. ‘Down by the riverside’ Expert at playing with mutes Speak easies for black and white audiences A mute -- a talking/singing sound of the trumpet -- wah-wah

Study guide for test: 45- 60 mins (he wants to do a lecture after the test) Total: 60 pts

30 pts : listening section, multiple choice. 15 music samples, 65 - 75secs each -- each songs one time each. 2 pts each

-- 1st part of test Identify the style of music you’re listening to : (a) work song/folk hymn (keeping singing about jesus) - sounds similar acapella with guitar -- rhyming scheme john the revelator. Verse - chorus. Only the acapella b) country/blues - male singer, slide guitar, son house, charlie patton, robert johnson Blues - a/a/b lyric structure. c) classic blues -- women singers aab lyric structure d) ragtime - if it’s only piano 2 types of ragtime u may hear. Scott johnson all by itself. Or the ragtime band. Solo piano or ragtime band e) dixieland - black bottom stomp, sweetie dear, gumbo ya-ya. Big tells : ragtime bands have violins (therefore, not listening to dixieland - doesn’t have violins)

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Second part of test:

Identify the innovators (10 of them) - 1 pt each Instrument they played & style of music they’re affiliated with - some of them have 2 instruments - Jelly roll morton - dixieland piano player - Robert johnson - country blues guitarist/singer - Scott joplin - Composer of ragtime - If they make it to a slide they make it to the list - 2 classic blues ladies - 4 dixielanders -- buddy bolden, jelly roll morton, sidney bechet, joe ‘king’ oliver For 5 musicians of your choice, you can add another fact -one more pertinent fact that proves even further that they’re an innovator - “Jelly Roll Morton had a crazy ass business card that you can’t get out of your mind” - will NOT except: dead, black, white, female. Doesn’t matter.

3rd section -Mini essays - 10 points/ topic (20 pts total) -

Only a ¶ or 2 ¶s Social cultural topics

Topic 1: the birth of jazz -- the beginning of everything. More than just jazz meets ragtime - how’d they meet, why’d they meet. Storyville, brass brands. The roles of the creoles. Segregation. - Dont waist the time about ancient persia. Topic 2: the  spread of jazz story - Went from obscurity to this mainstream thing in a decade and a half - Great migration - using the word jazz - The first recordings

Study guide for test: 45- 60 mins (he wants to do a lecture after the test) Total: 60 pts 30 pts : listening section, multiple choice. 15 music samples, 65 - 75secs each -- each songs one time each. 2 pts each -- 1st part of test Identify the style of music you’re listening to : (a) work song/folk hymn (keeping singing about jesus) - sounds similar acapella with guitar -- rhyming scheme john the revelator. Verse - chorus. Only the acapella b) country/blues - male singer, slide guitar, son house, charlie patton, robert johnson Blues - a/a/b lyric structure. c) classic blues -- women singers aab lyric structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MzU8xM99Uo d) ragtime - if it’s only piano 2 types of ragtime u may hear. Scott johnson all by itself. Or the ragtime band. Solo piano or ragtime band https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPmruHc4S9Q e) dixieland - black bottom stomp, sweetie dear, gumbo ya-ya. Big tells : ragtime bands have violins (therefore, not listening to dixieland - doesn’t have violins) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WojNaU4-kI (it’s a band) https://www.youtube.c...