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CEE 3510 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENGINEERING

Cornell University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Todayʼ ʼs topics: • Course organization • introduction of TAs • office hours • required and recommended materials • grading and exams • Course content • Introduction to the societal roles of Environmental Engineers

• There will be 4 handouts today 1)  Course notes corresponding to today’s lecture 2)  Homework assignment protocol 3)  Introduction to STELLA 4)  Short topic listing and questionnaire

After class is often a good

PROF: Len Lion time for questions or to schedule an appointment. Office: Room 263 Hollister Hall Hours: drop in anytime (I’ll tell you if Iʼm too busy) Or call 255-7571 Or, send e-mail to: [email protected] T.A.(s):

Office:

Hours:

William Pennock (whp28) & Jon Christensen (jsc377) & Yitian Sun (ys586) Room 359 Hollister Hall 3:30-6:30 p.m. Monday and 3:00 – 6:00 Thursday 3:00-6:00 p.m. Tuesday 4:30-7:30: p.m. Wednesday

Organizational Details Water Quality by G. Tchobanoglous & E.D. Schroeder (1985) [recommended] and: Course Notes [required] and: STELLA (version 3.0.1, or later) [recommended] also: see course reserve list Now up to version 10.0.4 II. Grading: 12 Quizzes (weekly) 21% (top 10 scores) The time for 2 Prelims: 21% each our Final will be Final: 21% scheduled by the Homework: 16% University later in the 100% semester. III. Exam Dates: Prelim#1: _______________________________ Thursday March 20th @ 7:30 p.m. I. Text:

Thursday April 24th @ 7:30 p.m. Prelim#2: __________________________________ IV. Cornell University Code of Academic Integrity Each student in this course is expected to abide by the Cornell University Code of Academic Integrity. Any work submitted by a student in this course for academic credit will be the student's own work, with the exception that group collaboration is allowed in the submission of homework assignments. Max group size: for STELLA = 2; for Problem sets = 4

STELLA Structural Thinking Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation

d(BOD) = ! k (BOD) dt

t

BOD( t )

!

d(BOD) BOD

!

= -k dt

BODo

0

BOD

STELLA: ISEE Sys. asks that I give them a list of students in my class, to ensure requests for the student price are valid.

decay_rate k

BOD( t ) = BODo e !kt

The STELLA software may be ordered directly from ISEE Systems (URL: http://www.iseesystems.com). The cost is $59 for a 6 mo. limit or $129 for a no time limit download of the software. You can also get a CD for an additional $25 + shipping.

BOD(t) = BOD(t - dt) + (- decay_rate) * dt decay_rate = k*(BOD)

20 copies of STELLA are available for class use at CIT PC facilities and ACCEL.

Objectives Environmental engineers deal with the fate, behavior, prevention, and treatment of contaminants in the air, soil and water. In this class we will focus on how environmental engineers use models to predict the fate of waterborne contaminants in the environment and to design wastewater treatment systems. You will find that models of environmental systems are interdisciplinary and to build them you will need to integrate fundamental principals from physics, chemistry, and biology into governing equations where reactions and mass transport are accounted for. You will develop both analytical and numerical solutions to these models and use them to make predictions of contaminant effects and to design treatment processes. As a professional environmental engineer you will be called on to use the problem solving processes you experience in this course as you synthesize the physical, chemical, and biological reactions pertinent to a given environmental problem and use them to develop viable solutions.

COURSE TOPICS and SCHEDULE Recommended Text:

Water Quality by Tchobanoglous & Schroeder; Addison-Wesley, NY (1985)

APPROX. NO. OF LECTURES

TOPIC

SUGGESTED READINGS

How do we analytically define the physical, chemical and biological quality of water? 4

Introduction and Water Quality Parameters

Ch.2; pp. 43-76, 89-103, 123-150

2

Water Quality Criteria & Standards

Ch.3, pp. 163-175, 187-200, Ch.11, p.453

What water quality parameters do we pick for regulation of natural water bodies vs. drinking water vs. wastewater discharges? 2

APPROX. NO. OF LECTURES

Environmental Legislation

TOPIC

Ch.4, pp. 211-221

SUGGESTED READINGS

POLLUTANT ASSIMILATION IN NATURAL SYSTEMS To what extent can natural systems adjust to accommodate societal impacts? 1 Self-Purification of Streams & Assimilative Capacity What chemical and biological principles do we need to understand in order to predict the impact of organic waste discharges on dissolved oxygen levels? 2

Microbiological Growth & Oxygen Utilization

4

Oxygen Demand Concepts, BOD, NOD & Reaeration

Ch.2, pp. 104-121 Ch.8, pp. 340-341

Using what we know about biological and chemical processes, how do we make a model to predict dissolved oxygen levels? 3

Simple Dissolved Oxygen Models

Ch.2, pp. 121-123 Ch.8, pp. 337-351, Appendix H and I

3

Water Quality Modeling: Transport Phenomena

Ch.5, pp. 248-251

APPROX. NO. OF LECTURES

TOPIC

SUGGESTED READINGS

How do we use the concept of mass balance to account for transport and reaction in aquatic systems with different types of mixing? 4

Water Quality Modeling: Continuous Flow Models & Applications

Ch.6, p.267-286, 291-292, 351-356, also Metcalf & Eddy (on reserve) p. 154163, 166-170, 845-848, Ch.6, p. 267-286, 291292, 351-356

Can we use our mass balance approach to deal with contaminants in groundwater? 1

Contaminant Transport in Groundwater

APPROX. NO. OF LECTURES

TOPIC

Ch.4, pp. 406-409, pp. 418-425

SUGGESTED READINGS

Wastewater Treatment Systems How do we classify the constituents in municipal wastewater? 1

Wastewater Characterization

What is the typical sequence of processes used to treat municipal wastewaters? 1

Overview of Wastewater Treatment Systems

Ch.11, pp. 451-456

Can we use our mass balance approach to design a biological reactor for treating wastewater? 6

Unit Processes: Biological Secondary Treatment

A “unit process” has a unifying underlying mechanism. There are often multiple applications.

Ch.14, p. 595-608 610-614, 621-623

APPROX. NO. OF LECTURES

TOPIC

SUGGESTED READINGS

How can we modify our biological treatment process to remove nitrogen? 2

Advanced Waste Treatment

Ch.12, p. 545-550 Ch.14, p. 619-621 How do we design gravity-driven processes for particle removal from wastewater ? 4

Unit Processes: Sedimentation

2

Wastewater Collection Systems

Ch.11, p. 443-456, Ch.12, p. 465-469, 491-506 How do we design the systems that collect and transport wastewater to the treatment plant? Ch.1, pp. 22-30,

What happens to all the solids that we remove from wastewater during the course of treatment? 1

Management of Residuals (Sludge treatment)

PLUS special short topics

Special Topics •  We werenʼt going to talk about it, but since you asked . . . . –  Short discussions about environmentally related topics that you suggest. 1)  See the handout list and pick topics you want to hear about. 2)  And, suggest new topics for this yearʼs class. 3)  Fill out the questionnaire on the last page and turn it in (today, Friday or Monday).

CEE 3510 -- ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENGINEERING THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL IS ON RESERVE IN THE URIS LIBRARY -------------------------------------------------------------------AUTHOR

TITLE

H. Peavy, D. Rowe & G. Tchobanoglous

Environmental Engineering

T. McGhee

Water Supply and Sewerage

Metcalf and Eddy, Inc.

Wastewater Engineering

W. Weber

Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control

D. Sundstrom & H. Klei

Wastewater Treatment

W. Viesmann and J. Hammer

Water Supply and Pollution Control (6th Edition)

C. Sawyer, P. McCarty, & G. Parkin

Chemistry for Environmental Engineers (4th Edition)

A. Vesilind

Introduction to Environmental Engineering

W. Eckenfelder

Principles of Water Quality Management

J.M. Montgomery Consulting Engineers

Water Treatment Principles & Design

J.C. Lamb

Water Quality & Its Control

G. Tchobanoglous & E. Schroeder

Water Quality

Amer. Water Works Assoc.

Water Quality and Treatment, 5th Edition

B.T. Ray

Environmental Engineering

G. Kiely

Environmental Engineering

J. Henry and G. Heinke

Environmental Engineering and Science

M. Davis and D. Cornwell

Introduction to Environmental Engineering (3rd Edition)

B. Rittmann and P, McCarty

Environmental Biotechnology

OVERVIEW

What do environmental engineers do? The role of the Environmental Engineer in Society I. Water Supply - historical perspective primary goal?

“potable” water [safe to drink and use] Ex. John Snow and the Broad St. pump:

1854 London cholera epidemic: Over 10 days, 500 people died within 250 yards of the water pump @ Broad St. II. Sewerage A. Collection - isolate wastewater from water supply B. Treatment

and eliminate “cross connections”

What problems can you anticipate if wastewater is not treated?

1. Disease, waterborne 2. Diminished quality of receiving water - damage to ecosystem - impaired use for recreation: swimming, boating, fishing, etc. - aesthetics

Cholera is not just a disease relegated to history •  Nearly 640,000 people in Haiti have had this disease since 2010. •  Over 8,200 people have died.

Men bathing in the Artibonite River in Haiti, 60 miles downstream from the first cholera outbreak.

III.

Environment The environmental “Ethic”: Perception that streams, rivers, etc. and resident population of organisms are important. [In and of themselves, and not just because they affect people].

Goals: 1. Understand and predict effects and fate of pollutants. 2. Remedial actions?

- clean up environment - alter inputs i)  by treating the source ii)  by changing the processes used prior to the source

i.e., “Green Engineering” In what type of situation might waste treatment prove to not be feasible?

Non-point sources: Ex. Agricultural runoff, auto exhaust emissions Episodic sources: Ex. Storm water runoff Dispersed products with (originally) unknown effects: Ex. DDT

OVERVIEW: THE WATER USE CYCLE CEE 3510 River

inlet

outfall

Flow wastewater treatment plant

Pump water treatment plant

environmental effects?

industry domestic fire

sludge?

W.T.P.

wastewater collection system

water

CEE 4520 distribution system or CEE 4540 City A

City B

etc...