JPN101 - Notes from the Genki textbook through Lesson 6 PDF

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Notes from the Genki textbook through Lesson 6...

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09/01 - Genki Wednesday, September 1, 2021

2:08 PM

Noun no noun X wa Y desu Desu=it is

No is a particle that connects 2 nouns

Sentences without subjects are very common (most sentences don't unless the speaker thinks it's necessary to The second noun provides the main idea and the first one makes it more spec clarify) X wa Y desu = X is Y (As for X, it is Y) Wa is a particle (word group) There is no equivalent to the article "a" it is not needed, and most words are ambiguous between singular or plural

Forming Questions Add a "ka" to the end of a sentence to make it a question It is not customary to end a sentence with a question mark

Nan is used when in conjunction with another word, nani is when it is used before a particle

09/01 - Videos Wednesday, September 1, 2021

2:41 PM

The topic x wa is omitted if the speaker thinks the listener can identify what the topic is from the context (don't say watashi wa repeatedly if you have more descriptors) Question = shitsumon Ex: Sumisu san wa ichinesee desu ka A: Hai (ee), soo desu or iie, [correct information] Tanaka san wa nan nensee desu ka Senkoo wa nan desu ka WH question in Japanese 1) Use a question word for the information you are seeking, Tanaka san wa ??? Nensee desu --> question word: nan (what) 2) Make sure you have the question particle at the end of the sentence, Tanaka san wa nan nensee desu ka Name

Onamae wa nan desu ka

Academic standing Nan nensee desu ka Age

Nan sai desu ka (politer=oikutsu desu ka)

Major

Senkoo wa nan desu ka

Time

(Ima) Nan ji desu ka

Hometown

Shusshin wa doko desu ka (nationality = nani jin desu ka)

09/02 - Genki Thursday, September 2, 2021

0=zero/ree 1=ichi 2=ni 3=san 4=yon/shi/yo 5=go 6=roku 7=nana/shichi 8=hachi 9=kyuu/ku 10=juu 11=juuichi 12=juuni 13=juusan 14=juuyon 15=juugo 16=juuroku 17=juunana 18=juuhachi 19=juukyuu 20=nijuu 30=sanjuu 40=yonjuu 50=gojuu 60=rokujuu 70=nanajuu 80=hachijuu 90=kyuujuu 100=hyaki

4:29 PM

With times you add ji to the end of the number Aka, 1 o clock is ichiji If it is half past the hour, add han Ex ichiji han

09/03 - Class Friday, September 3, 2021

Hiragana quiz next week! Vocab quiz (lesson 1) - Self prep 20 years old = hatachi

8:58 AM

Test Stuff Tuesday, September 7, 2021

9:18 AM

09/09- Genki Thursday, September 9, 2021

4:59 PM

With 2 diagonal strokes as diacritical marks, k s t h become g z d and b respectively - H changes to p with a small circle diacritical mark Small ya, yu, and yo follow after letters with an I sound (except for I itself) - The contracted sound represents a single syllable Small tsu is used when transcribing double consonant sounds such as tt and pp ( ex: takka, sakka, happa, zasshi) - Double consonant n's are written as n and the next hiragana with initial n sound (ex: sannen, annai) Double vowels become twice as long as a single vowel (ex: obaasan, ojiisan, suuji) - Long ee is usually transcribed adding an I to the e-vowel (ex: eega, eego, EXCEPTION oneesan) - Long oo sound is transcribed adding an u to the o vowel hiragana (hooritsu, EXCEPTION too) N is treated like a full syllable in terms of length - Followed by an n, t, d, s, or z sound it is pronounced as n - Followed by an m, p, or b sound it is pronounced as m - Followed by a k or g sound it is pronounced as ng The vowels I and u are sometimes dropped when placed between voiceless consonants (k,s,t,p, and h) or at the end of an utterance preceded by voiceless consonants Japanese has a pitch accent where all syllables are pronounced in either a high or low pitch Each Japanese syllable is pronounced in approx. equal length Pitch patterns in Japanese vary greatly, depending on the region of the country

09/13 - Videos Monday, September 13, 2021

10:29 AM

Pen = pen Bag = kaban Dictionary = jisho Notebook = nooto Pencil = enpitsu Book = hon Shoes = kutsu Wallet = saifu Newspaper = shinbun Sweatshirt = toreenaa Hat/cap = booshi Watch/clock = tokee

Umbrella = kasa

When using the question word "dore" you cannot follow it up with the particle "wa" but instead with "ga" - Ex: Dore ga anata no pen desu ka The "re" series are like the words "this, that" and more specifically you can pair "no" words with a noun - Dono uses ga like dore COPY TABLES ON 64 Question word for who is "dare" - Ex: Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka Mo means that the stated property has the same property as the previous sentence COPY TABLE ON 65 To negate a statement in the form X wa Y desu, replace desu with ja nai desu - Ex: Yamada san wa gakusee ja nai desu - A formal use would be ja arimasen - Ex for more conservative speech style: Yamada san wa gakusee ja arimasen - Ex for formal, appropriate writing: Tamada san wa gakusee de wa arimasen COPY TABLE ON 66

09/21 - Genki Tuesday, September 21, 2021

3:49 PM

If a speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation they will end a statement with: ne Ex: Rii san no senkoo wa bungaku dusu ne Kore wa niku ja nai desu ne If a speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said they will end a statement with yo - Means specifically "I tell you" Ex: Tonkatsu wa sakana ja nai desu yo

09/27 - Genki Monday, September 27, 2021

3:52 PM

Verbs in Japanese conjugate (take various shapes) 1) Dictionary forms 2) Present tense affirmative forms 3) Present tense negative forms Two kinds of verbs that follow regular conjugation patterns: Ru-verbs are so called because you add the suffix ru to thje base to form the dictionary form (for the two long forms add masen or masu instead of ru to the base) U-verbs can be broekn down into the base and the suffix u (long forms are created with the base plus imasu and imasen) Bases can also be called stems There are also "irregular verbs" - The vowels in their bases are different in the short (dictionary) forms and in the long forms A good idea to memorize each verb as a set, instead of memorizing just the dictionary form If you see the vowels a, u, or o right before the final ru you can be absolutely sure that they are u-verbs If you see the vowels I and e before the final ru, in more cases, the verbs are ru verbs Verbs that describe basic human actions are called "action verbs" and the "present tense" of these verbs either means (1) that a person habitually or regularly engages in these activities, or (2) that a person will, or is planning to, perform these activities in the future - Habitual actions: わたしはよくてれびをみます"I often watch TV" - Future actions: スーさんはきょううちかえりません。"Sue will not return home today." Nouns used in sentences must generally be followed by particles, which indicate the relations that the nouns bear to the verbs - を: the particle "o" indicates direct objects, the kind of thing that are directly involved in or affected by, the event ○ 音楽を聴きます "I listen to music" - で: the particle "de" indicates where the event described by the verb takes place ○ うちでテリビを見まsu "I will watch TV at home." - に: The particle "ni" can mean a few things, 1) the goal toward which things move and 2) the time at which an event will take place ○ Goal of movement: 私和僑学校に行きません "I will not go to school today" ○ Time: 西曜日にきょとに行きます "I will go to Kyoto on Sunday" ○ Approximate time references can be made by substituting "go ru" or "go ru ni" for "ni" ▪ 十一じゅごるに寝ます "I will go to bed at about eleven" - へ: The particle "he" also indicates the goal of movement, so sentences with ni with goal of movement intentions

09/28 Tuesday, September 28, 2021

4:35 PM

What is Kanji? Use of Chinese characters in Japanese writing Today use of 3 different scripts to write Japanese Hiragana and Katakana are referred to as Kana Each kanji character has a wealth of meaning How to Learn Kanji? 1. Memorize (not very effective) 2. Learn radicals a. Kanji characters can be broken down into radicals (building blocks of Kanji) b. Only need to know about a few radicals to understand most used kanji

c.

Kanji for 1-5 on pg 298

09/29 Wednesday, September 29, 2021

9:54 AM

Need "ni" with the days of the week (like "on Sunday") and numerical time expressions (like "at 10:45") Ex: にちようぴにいきます Do NOT need ni with time expressions defined relative to the present moment ("today" or "tomorrow") or expressions describing regular intervals ("every day") or the word "when" Normally don't use ni with parts of the day ("in the morning" or "at night") and the word for "weekend" but they can be followed by ni if the style, emphasis, or personal preference suggests it Minute: fun (sometimes say pun)

10/01 Friday, October 1, 2021

11:57 AM

"masenka" (present tense negative verb plus the question particle) to extend an invitation - "masuka" CANNOT be used this way, only a question - Ex: tenisu o shimasenka (will you play tennis with me?) Add a frequency adverb (maitachi, yoku, tokidoki) to a sentence to describe how often you do something Adverbs that indicate infrequency must be followed by a negative verb - Ex: watashi wa zenzen teribe o mimasen (I do not watch tv at all)

10/07 Thursday, October 7, 2021

3:41 PM

10/17 Sunday, October 17, 2021

9:24 PM

To say something is in front of something else you can say: X wa Y no mae desu Other useful words for describing location: migi= to the right of, hidari = to the left of, mae = in front of, ushiro = behind, naka = inside, shita=under/beneath, ue= on/above,. Chikaku=near, tonari=next to X wa Y to Z no aida desu = X is betweeen Y and Z One can use any of the location words together with a verb to describe an event that occurs in the place (with the particle de) - Ex: watashi wa masubaga no me de maeri san o machimashita (I waited for Mary in front of the Mos Burger place) Another word for near that is also commonly used is soba X ga arimasu means "there is/are X (nonliving thing)" the particle ga introduces or presents the item X, arimasu is used when you want to say that there is something at a certain location, opr when you want to say that you have or own something, or when you want to say that an event will take place If you want to present a person or some other sentient being, you need to use the verb imasu (place ni) --> thing ga arimasu (place ni) --> person ga imasu

ありません

10/19 Tuesday, October 19, 2021

2:01 PM

Affirmative negative Present tense ~です Past tense

～でした

～じゃないです ～じゃなかったです

Ex: やましたせんせいはさくらだいがくのがくせいでした。 (Mr. Yamashita was a student at Sakura University) affirmative negative Present tense ～ます ～ません Past tense

～ました

～ませんでした

All verb rules still apply to the past tense forms as well

10/20 Wednesday, October 20, 2021

9:34 AM

10/22 Friday, October 22, 2021

1:56 PM

Can also use "mo" when two or more people perform the same activity Ex: watashi wa kinou kyouto ni ikimashita Yamashitasensei mo kinou kyouto ni ikimashita (I went to Kyoto yesterday. Professor Yamashita went to Kyoto yesterday, too.) Can also be used when someone buys, sees, or eats tow or more things Ex: maari san wa kotsu o kaimashita, maari san wa kaban mo kaimashita (mary bought shoes, mary bought a bag, too) In both cases, mo directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something in common. Obnserver that mo replaces the particles wa, ga, or o in these sentences Can also use mo when you you go to two places, do something on two different occasions, and so forth Ex: watashi wa senshuu kyouto ni ikimashita. Oosaka ni mo ikimashita. (I went to kyoto last week. I went ot osaka too.) - Mo can be used after ni, so both meanings are used The particle to has two functions: one is to connect two nouns A and B - Ex: nihongo to eiga o hanashimasu - (I speak Japanese and english) Or to mean "together with" it describes with whom you do something - Ex: maari san wa susan to kankoku ni ikimasu - (mary will go to korea with sue)

10/27 Wednesday, October 27, 2021

9:04 AM

The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, (it is not followed by a particle) - Ex: メアリーさんはそこでたけしさんをいちじかんまちました。 For an approxiamtate measurement, you can add ごらい after 時間 To say one hour and a half you can add 半 after 時間 - Ex: きのう七時間半ねました If you want to add a quantity like たくさん to the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle を - Ex: わたしはきょうとでしゃしんをたくさんとりました - たくさんたさいおたべました。

Integration Task L4 Tuesday, November 2, 2021

6:41 PM

これはわたしのロンジュです。わたしのロンジュに水があります。水はゆかのしたです。つく えはゆかのうえです。いすはつくえのちかくです。くさきもあります。くさきはいすのとなり です。にほんのおみやげはつくえのうえです。わたしはまいにちほんをよみます。わたしはと もだちにあいます。わたしもはなします。

11/03 Wednesday, November 3, 2021

4:04 PM

Lesson 5, Grammar 5 There are two types of adjectives in Japanese - One type is called "い-adjectives" - Other type is "な-adjectives" The I and na refer to their last sylables when they modify nouns I adjectives: - おもしろいえいが ○ きのう、おもしろうえうがをみました。 - こわいせんせい ○ やましたせんせいはこわいせんせいです。 Na adjectives: - きれいなしゃしん ○ きょうとできれいなしゃしんをとりました。 - げんきなせんせい ○ やましたせんせいはげんきなせんせいです。 Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense, polarity, and so forth just as verbs do. I adjectives:

affirmative negative present いです past

くいです

かったです くなかったです

In negative, you can use colloquial variant of naidesu or conservative variant of arimasen Both forms involve the change of the last I syllable into ku - Exception: ii affirmative present いいです past

negative よくないです

よかったです よくなかったです

Na adjectives: the conjugation pattern of na-adjectives is exactly the same as the conjugation table of desu which follows a noun - The final syllable na is dropped in these long forms of na adjectioves - You can also substitute deha for ja as in dehaarimasen and dehaarimasendeshita which are more often used in the written language than in the spoken language If you want to say things like "very hot" and "a little hot" you can add "degree adverbs" like sugoku, dotemo, and chotto before adjectives - おきなわのうみはとでもきれいでした。

11/04 Thursday, November 4, 2021

3:46 PM

What is Kanji? Use of Chinese characters in Japanese writing - Japanese writing actually originated from China Today use Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji - Hiragana and Katakana are referred to collectively as Kana Each individual kanji character holds meaning What are radicals? - Smaller components of individual kanji - The building blocks of kanji - Every kanji has at least 1 radical, and can be used on their own Learn radicals, then when combined they become something else Person radical: ninben - Meaning: human/person - When in a part, adds meaning of human/person to the other radicals Common positions: - Most commonly in the left position - Sometimes on the top or crown position On v Kun readings - On uses the original Chinese reading - Kun accommodates Japanese - On is usually used when with other kanji - Kun is typically used when it is a standalone kanji

11/05 Friday, November 5, 2021

2:15 PM

Meaning of sukina (to be fond of) and kiraina (to be disgusted with, dislike) are relational To say "X (likes/dislikes) Y" it is formatted "X wa Y ga (suki/kirai) desu" - The item that is liked/disliked can also be a person, but be cautious when using suki for a specific person because suki desu is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic feelings If you like/dislike something very much, you can use the intensified forms (daisuki desu or daikirai desu) which are used more often than the degree modified totemo in combo with like/dislike When Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say: sukidemokiraidemonaidesu You can also use like/dislike as modifiers for nouns - Kore wa watashi no sukina hon desu - This is my favorite book

11/08 Monday, November 8, 2021

4:35 PM

Genki Grammar 3 To take the long form of a verb and replace the ending with mashoo or mashooka, you create the Japanese expression for "let's…," which you can use to suggest a plan of action - Isshoniojhokandebenkyoshimashoo - (Let's study in the library together)

11/09 Tuesday, November 9, 2021

12:05 PM

Genki Grammar 4: Use different number words for different kinds for items Number words often come after the itmes counted in a sentence - Risanwakitteosanmaikaimashita - Lee bought 3 stamps The number word is made up of the numeral and the "counter" the one used above is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects

11/15 Monday, November 15, 2021

Integration Task:

9:57 AM

11/18+19 Thursday, November 18, 2021

4:01 PM

Te forms used in: - Making requests (…please) - Giving and asking for permission (You may/May ?) - Stating that something is forbidden (You must not) - Forming a sentence that describes two events or activities (I did this and did that) For ru verbs: take the ru off and add te For u verbs: for verbs with final u, tsu, or ru add tte For verbs with final mu bu and nu at nte For verbs with final ku its ite - Except!!!! Iku is itte For verbs with final gu is ide For verbs with final su it is shite Suru turns itno shite and kuru turns itno kite Memorize verbs in sets, ex: kaku, kakimasu, kaite Use the verbal te-form together with kudasai to make a polite request to another person "please do…for me" Kyoushooyndekudasai Please read the textbook You can use a te-form if you want to combine two or more verbs, as in describing a sqeunce of events of actions, the te-form does the work of "and" with verbs (to only connects nouns) te form conjuction can be used for present and future and past, tense of the verb at the end determinese when these events take place Nooto o karite,kopishimasu I will borrow her ntoebook and photocopy it Te-form can also be used to connect a verb more "loosely" with the rest of a sentence A sentence that ends with kara (because) explains the reason or cause of a situation, a proposal, and so forht - Situation. Explanation kara. - Ex: watashiwaknbanbenkyoushimasu. Ashitatesutogaarimasukra. - I will study this evening. (Because) we will have an exam tomorrow.

11/28+30 Sunday, November 28, 2021

3:34 PM

A sentece that ends with kara (because) explains the reason or the cause of a situation, a proposal, and so forth - (situation). (explanation) kara, - Watashiwaknbanbenkyoushimasu. Ashitatesutogaarimasukara. - (I will study this evening. (because) we will have an exam tomorrow.) Mashouka is also used in the sense of "let me do…," in offering assistance. If oyu se somebody having a hard time opening the lid of a bottle, for example, you can offer help by saying: - Watashigayarimashouka (I'll do it) - Or to a person carrying a heavy bag: nimotsuomochimashouka (Shall I carry your bag?)...