Kaplan Fundamentals A - practice questions PDF

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Kaplan Fundamentals A 1. The nurse provides care for a client at risk for developing a pressure injury. The nurse knows which factor puts the client at risk. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY o Decreased skin moisture o Ambulation with an assistive o Bony prominences o Early-stage Alzheimer disease o Immobility o Low serum albumin 2. Moist to dry dressing changes are prescribed for a client. After the first layer of dressing is removed, the client yells at the nurse, “ouch, that really hurts. Are you sure you’re doing it right? Which statement is the best response by the nurse? o I know it hurts and I am really sorry to have to do it, but sometimes things have to hurt before they get better. o I’m peeling away the dead tissue. It hurts more the first time. Next time will be more comfortable, I promise o Yes, I’m doing it right. The dead tissue is supposed to stick to the dressing o I’m sorry this hurt, I will add some normal saline to loosen it a bit more 3. The nurse assesses an older adult client. Which statement does the nurse expect the client to make? o I seem to get fewer upper respiratory infections that I did before o I think that I am little taller than I used to be o Eating just does not appeal to me anymore

o I’ve been sleeping with fewer blankets lately 4. The nurse identifies a staff member is using standard precautions appropriately if which action is observed? o The nurse wears gloves when taking the BP of a client diagnosed with AIDS o The staff member irrigates an abdominal wound wearing a gown and gloves o The staff member places contaminated linens in a leak-proof bag o The nurse removes gloves after bathing a client and puts on a clear of gloves to bathe another client 5. The nurse that serum albumin is used as an indicator of malnutrition for which reason? o Albumin from eggs is commonly ingested, and can be assumed to be constant in the American diet o Albumin is the first result on a protein electrophoresis, and often found on the hospital record o Serum albumin is easy to measure, and can indicate a protein deficiency that may not be detected on physical examination o Serum albumin has a short half-life, so it is an easy protein to measure 6. The nurse explains to the nursing student that a client has a new diagnosis of psoriasis. Which best describes psoriasis? o Chronic autoimmune reaction o Acute infectious disease o Viral disease o Cystic, self-limiting disease

7. An older adult client asks, “why am I having constipation?” which rationale does the nurse use regarding the primary reason for constipation for this client? o Older adult clients eat a smaller amount of food with decreased bulk o Older adult clients have less physical activity and decrease muscle tone o Older adult clients have neurological changes in the GI tract o Older adult clients have decreased sensation in the GI tract 8. A liver scan is prescribed for a client prior to surgery. Which description best describes this procedure? o A client will ingest a small amount of radioactive material and venipuncture will be performed to monitor blood levels o The client will stand in front of a large machine that takes x-ray picture of the liver o The client will be asked to lie still while a scanning probe is passed back and forth over the body o The client’s skin will be lubricated with oil and ultrasound pictures will be taken. 9. Fowling a total hip arthroplasty, the elderly client is ordered to begin ambulation with a walker. Which statement by the nurse is best? o Sit in a low chair for ease in getting up to use the walker o Make sure rubber caps are in place on all four legs of the walker o You will begin weight bearing on the affected hip soon o Practice tying your own shoes before you begin ambulating.

10. The nurse provides care for clients in long term care facility. Which client indicates a need for the nurse to reinforce teaching about the use of assistive devices? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY o The client uses a swing-through crutch gait to prevent weight bearing on the affected leg o The client places weight on the axilla when taking a step using crutches o The client lifts the walker, moves it forward then walks between the legs of the walker o The client places a cane in the hand on the side of the unaffected leg o The client uses a four-point crutch gait with no weight bearing on the affected leg o The client uses a three-point crutch gait to prevent weight bearing on the affected leg 11. The nurse provides care for a client beginning intermittent heparin therapy. The nurse knows which laboratory test is used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin. o Activated partial thromboplastin time o Prothrombin time o Bleeding time o Protein electrophoresis 12. A client with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer experiences severe pain. Which principle does the nurse remember when caring for this client? o Caution must be used to prevent narcotic addition o Cancer pain is mostly psychological and is unable to be completely controlled o Pain medication should be given when the client exhibits physical signs of pain

o Pain medication is more effective if given before pain becomes severe 13. Which nursing action is best to identify and manage a client’s valuable items during hospitalization? o Tell the client to place valuable items in the bedside table o Inform the client the nurse will hold on to any valuable items while the client is in surgery. o Document the disposition of the client’s valuable items in the medical record o Leave any valuable items at the nurse’s station while the client is off the unit for testing 14. The nurse provides care for a client with an abdominal wound. The nurse notes there is purulent drainage from the wound. Which action does the nurse take first? o Contact the health care provider o Places the client on contact precautions o Irrigates the wound o Asks the client to identify the level of pain on a numeric scale 15. A nurse provides teaching on modifiable risk factors related to the cardiovascular system. Which factor does the nurse include in the teaching? o High cholesterol level o Elevated BP o Cigarette smoking o Diet higher in sugar and fats o Decreased HR

16. The nurse teaches correct body mechanics to the unlicensed assistive personnel. Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate? o Bend at the waist when lifting objects o Lift objects with your arms extended o Bend knees when lifting objects o Lean forward when lifting objects 17. The nurse prepares a client for discharge. The client tells another staff member “that nurse really doesn’t care about me and I don’t want talk anymore’. Which interpretation of the client’s statement by the nurse is best? o The client has expressed readiness to think and act independently o The nurse has done something to offend the client and needs to apologies o The client is not ready to go home and discharge should be o The client has a common response to the end of the nurse- client relationship 18. A middle-age client is admitted to the hospital for hematuria. The client has no previous history of illness, is married, and has three children in high school. Which task of middle adult hood is most likely to be disturbed by a physical activity? o Assisting the children to grow to adulthood o Coping with a role transition o Reviewing earlier relationships o Developing adult leisure time activity 19. The nurse prepares to insert a foley Cather into the client. It is most important for the nurse to take which action? o Place all supplies close to the edge of the table

o keeping the field holding the supplies in from pf the nurse o Set up field below the nurse’s waist levels o Add only clean supplies to the field 20. the nurse discharge teaching with a client that has a new diagnosis of eczema. Which common foods are a likely contributing factor of eczema that the client should eliminate in the diet? o Fish, nuts, chocolate o Strawberries, tomatoes, apples o Milk, wheat, egg whites o Soybeans, orange juice, egg yolks 21. The clinic nurse interviews a middle age client who comes to the clinic reporting difficulty sleeping and ongoing fatigue. The nurse learns the client works as a security guard and frequently works the night shift. Which is the best initial statement for the nurse to make while discussing the patient? o Tell me about your usual sleeping habits o You probably sleep when you can during your night tour o This normal for your age group o Working the night shift is known to disrupt sleep patterns 22. When witnessing a client signature during informed consent, it is most important for the nurse to make which assessment? o Does the client understand the procedure? o Does the client have any questions? o Does the client give consent voluntarily?

o Is the client able to write the name? 23. On the morning before surgery, a client signs an operative consent form. Soon afterward, the client calls the nurse and states “I do not want the surgery” which action does the nurse take first? o

Notifies the healthcare provider of the client’s decision

o Informs the client the decision has delayed the operating room table o Encourage the client to discuss reasons for canceling the surgery o Asks the client’s family to encourage the client to have the surgery 24. The nurse provides care for a client with a BMI of 17 kg. which is the best description of the client’s body weight? o Underweight o Normal weight o Overweight o Obese 25. While a client is being treated for a wound infection, it is most important for the nurse to routinely perform which action? o Check and record the client temp o Send samples of wound drainage for culture o Assess the perfusions in the area o Evaluate the results of the blood culture 26. At discharge, the nurse advises a client about a calorie-restricted diet. Which is an ideal rate of weight loss o One half pound per day

o One half pound per week o One pound per week o One pound per day 27. Which nursing action does the nurse have to established first when caring for a client in pain o Teach client about pain o Establish a trusting relationship with the client o Determine how various relaxation techniques affect the pain o Administer pharmacological agents 28. The nurse identifies which change in the pattern of urinary elimination is usually associator with client aging> o Decreased frequency o Incontinence o Sorhuceter reflexes decreased o Formation of bladder calculi 29. The nurse is recovery anneoiade of acute pain. Which physiological CANGE aloud the nurse expects to occur when the client experiences cautw opaim\ o Decreased BP o DESCREAED SKIN TEMP o DREACED HR o DESCREASED RE

30. After administrating pain medication to a client, it is important for the nurse to take which action o Do not disturbed the client o Keep the environment cool and quiet o Provide diversionary activities at short intervals o Determine whether the medication is effective...