Key points for VATI remediation PDF

Preview

Summary

Key points for VATI remediation...

Description

Pharmacology 1. Benzodiazepines enhance the action of gamma-aminobutyric and acid in the CNS. Paradoxical responses such as insomnia, euphoria, anxiety and rage may be seen when administered to treat anxiety. Signs of acute toxicity if taken orally are drowsiness, lethargy, and confusion. Signs of acute toxicity by IV are respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. Orally gastric lavage can be used. Administration of flumazenil by IV will counteract sedation and reverse adverse effects. 2. When a patient with AKI is experiencing hyperkalemia, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, replaces the sodium with potassium in the intestinal tract to promote potassium excretion. Sorbitol also induces bowel movements which in turn promotes the excess of potassium. IV meds such as dextrose, insulin, and calcium may be used in an emergency to reduce potassium as well. 3. Buspirone binds to serotonin and dopamine receptors. Patients should be ad vised to take with food to decrease nausea. Patients should also be advised to avoid activities that require alertness until effects are known. 4. First generation antipsychotic drugs are used to control mainly positive manifestations of psychotic disorders. Complications include acute dystonia which includes severe spasms of tongue, neck, face, or back. If the laryngeal muscles are affected it turns into a crisis situation because respiration can decrease. Nursing Care of Children 1. Carbamazepine, a medication used for seizures, promotes secretion of ADH, which inhibits water excretion by the kidneys and places client who have heart failure at risk for fluid overload. Adverse effects may include dermatitis, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, morbilliform, and photosensitivity reactions. Mild cases can be treated with anti-inflammatory or antihistamine medications however, if the reaction is severe the medication should be discontinued. 2. An MRI is a type of scan of the head that provides cross-sectional images of the cranial cavity. MRI's use magnets meaning the effects of radiation are avoided. An MRI is safe for women who are pregnant and children. 3. A kidney biopsy is the removal of a sample of tissue by excision or needle aspiration for cytological examination. Preprocedure the nurse should review coagulations studies and ensure the patient has been NPO for 4 to 6 hours. Postprocedural the nurse should monitor vital signs following sedation, review HgB and Hct values, assess dressing and urinary output for hematuria, and administer analgesia as needed. 4. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. This means the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are inflamed. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a very contagious infection with a high mortality rate. There are three different vaccines for the different pathogens of bacterial meningitis. The Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), the Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV), and the Meningococcal vaccine (MCV4).

Med Surg 1. A thoracentesis is performed to obtain specimens for diagnosing, remove fluid or air from the pleural space and instill medication into the pleural space. The nurse should position the client sitting upright with arms and shoulders raised and supported on pillows or on an overbed table. The client's feet and legs should be well support. The client must be educated on the importance of remaining still because of risk of accidental needle damage. The amount of fluid removed during a thoracentesis is 1 Liter at a time to prevent re-expansion pulmonary edema. 2. A stool sample is collected and tested for ova and parasites, blood, and bacteria. Preprocedure the nurse should provide the patient with cards impregnated with guaiac. The patient will then mail the card or a specimen collection cup to the provider. If the cards are used then three samples are usually required. This type of sample is called occult blood. The patient should also be advised to avoid vitamin C rich foods, red meat, chicken, and fist 7 days before the testing starts. 3. Metabolic acidosis results from base excess, oral ingestion of antacids in an excess amount, venous administration of bases, and acid deficit. Manifestations include tachycardia, hypotension, atrial tachycardia, numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, confusion, and convulsion. It is imperative to treat the underlying cause. The patient should be educated on the importance of prescribed diet and dialysis regimen when diagnosed with metabolic acidosis fs accompanied by kidney dysfunction. 4. The stages of tissue pressure injury consist of: stage 1, nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, stage 2, partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, stage 3, full thickness skin loss, stage 4, full thickness skin and tissue loss, and unstageable, obscured full thickness skin and tissue loss. The focus of prevention is to relieve the pressure and provide optimal nutrition and hydration. A pressure injury is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among adults and those who have limited mobility...