Khalil - This is an assignment from my class with Professor Franz. Happy studying! PDF

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This is an assignment from my class with Professor Franz. Happy studying!...

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Name: ___Sameeha Khalil___ Exam II – Intro to Soc. Save you exams (AS A WORD DOC) and drop onto blackboard. Multiple choice – Choose the single best answer. 35 questions at 2 points = 70 pts. due 11/21 at 8 am. (You have a full week to do it) Part 2–Open ended question - 3 for a total of 10 points each = 30 pts. GOOD LUCK! 1. _______Which theory explicitly argues that it is functional for society to remove elderly people from their roles to free those roles for others who would be more successful and productive? a. Talcott Parsons’s functionalism b. disengagement theory c. activity theory d. conflict theory e. third-generation theories 2. _____ Which of the following groups characterize a subculture? a. High school students who are members of the chess club b. Vegans – that is, strict vegetarians who will not eat eggs or cheese c. Motorcycle collectors d. Computer geeks who spend their time creating computer viruses e. All of the above 3. _____ Features that are found in virtually all societies are called a. Cultural relativism b. Multiculturalism c. Ethnocentrism d. Cultural universals e. Subcultures 4. ____How does our textbook / sociologists define the self? a. The part of an individual that is displayed to other members of society b. Only the private innermost parts of the mind, those that are not usually shown to others. c. The experience of a real identity, distinct from other people d. The unconscious parts of the mind, especially the id e. The parts of the human mind that are created through interactions with parents or guardians. 5. _____ Approximately, the average life expectancy for all Americans was ________ for those in 1900, but is ________ for those born today. a. Sixty; Ninety b. Seventy; Ninety c. Forty, Sixty d. Forty, Seventy-Eight e. Forty, One hundred and ten 6. _____Victor of Aveyron was a ferel child who wandered out of the woods in 1800 when he was approximately 12. Victor was incapable of talking and never fully adjusted to life with other humans. This case shows the importance of: a. Impression management b. Positive sanctions c. The superego d. An achieved status e. socialization

7. _____ The graying of America refers to a. The increase in smog levels of urban communities b. The increasing numbers of elderly people as baby boomers age c. The fashion statement that gray has become the “new black” in haute couture d. The understanding that the environment has been decimated during the past five years and all that is left is a dull, gray landscape e. All of the above 8. _____Which of the following stages in the life course is the newest development? a. Childhood b. Adolescence c. Young adults or “twenty-somethings” d. All of the above e. None of the above 9. _____ The most concentrated period of socialization is referred to as a. Formal operational socialization b. Primary socialization c. Secondary socialization d. Generalized other socialization e. Young adulthood socialization 10. _____ The stages of the life course are pretty much the same no matter which culture or time period you look at. a. True b. False 11. ______Prejudice and/or discrimination based on age is a. illegal. b. ageism. c. no longer a problem in the United States. d. andragogy. e. functional. 12. _____ The terms cohorts and generation can be used interchangeably, because they mean pretty much the same thing. a. True b. False 13. _____Both society and the elderly can benefit if elderly people remain actively engaged in work and other social roles as long as they can. Which theory advocates this position? a. Talcott Parsons’s functionalism b. disengagement theory c. activity theory d. conflict theory e. third-generation theories 14. ______ In the U.S. society, the elderly are generally a homogeneous group with little variation in physical and mental ability, class, political values, or sexual preference. a. True b. False

15. ______ Population pyramids show the composition of population by age and sex (percent population in all age-sex cohorts), this population pyramid illustrates, (take note of the year) a. High birth rate; rapid fall in each upward age group due to high death rates b. High immigration rates and high birth rates. c. High birth rate; fall in death rates as more people are living to middle age with slightly longer lives. d. Declining birth rate; low death rate, and a lot of immigration e. Low birth rate; low death rate; longer life expectancy.

16. _____ Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic and national backgrounds? a. Cultural imperialism b. Ethnocentrism c. High culture d. Multiculturalism e. Technological determinism 17. _____ The nature vs. nurture debate helps us to understand: a. Why humans tend to act on their instincts b. The contradictions between primary and secondary group socialization c. The complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning d. Why biology has nothing to do with human potential e. How biology determines physical characteristics while social learning alone determines a person’s personality and habits. 18. _____ According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, all children are essentially born with a developed sense of self. a. True b. False 19. _____The average length of time members of a population at a certain age can expect to live, based on mortality rates at a given time? a. Life time b. Life span c. Life expectancy d. Life course e. None of the above

20. _____Children raised without human interaction or with a minimum of human contact are called _____________ children. a. Ferel b. Institutionalized c. Socially deprived d. Environmentally challenged e. Isolationist 21. _____ A group of people born in the same year: A. period group B. birth cohort C. people celebrating their 100th birthday during 2008 D. B and C 22. _____ Jean Piaget’s theory of child development is based on a. The emergence of a sense of self, or self awareness. b. The stages of cognitive development c. The importance of sociobiology d. All of the above e. None of the above. 23. _____Both society and the elderly can benefit if older people remain actively engaged in work and other social roles as long as they can. Which theory advocates this position? A. Cogwill’s modernization theory B. disengagement theory C. activity theory D. conflict theory 24. ______Which of the following is true of socialization? a. It never stops b. The process is reciprocal: society shapes the individuals and the individual shapes society c. It changes over time and from place to place d. It teaches the skills needed to stay alive e. All of the above 25. _____ A rapid pace of discoveries, inventions, and technological innovation; most people live in cities and work in factories, offices, or shops; social life in the cities is impersonal and many encounters are with strangers; large-scale organizations predominant – What type of society is described by these characteristics? a. Hunting and gathering societies b. Pastoral and agrarian societies c. Nonindustrial civilizations d. Traditional states e. Industrial societies 26. _________Which letter identifies the position of the “baby boom” cohort in the following population pyramid. (Based on representation of resident of population of the U.S. as of July 1, 1990) a. A b. B c. C d. D e. None, there is no way to locate the baby boom in this graph

D C

B A

27. _____ According to demographic transition theory, stage one – or “young” societies tend to have: a. Low fertility and low mortality b. Low fertility and high mortality c. High fertility and low mortality d. High fertility and high mortality 28. _____ George Herbert Mead’s analysis of child development emphasizes a. The emergence of a sense of self. b. The stages of cognitive development c. The importance of sociobiology d. The grammatical differences between the subject (I) and the object (me). e. All of the above 29. ___ (all are part of society; is my thought process)__ Which of the following is an agent of socialization? a. Maplewood Elementary School b. A play-group organized by parents for preschool children c. MTV d. Nintendo and Sega video games e. All of the above 30. ____The oldest-old refers to individuals aged A. 65+ B. 65-74 C. 75-84 D. 85+ 31. ____A graphical depiction of the age and sex structure of a population: A. life table B. age stratification model C. population pyramid D. social network diagram

32. _____The life course can be significantly affected by which of the following? A. social class B. earlier life events, such as early completion of college C. historical events D. unpredictable life events, such as losing a job or divorce E. all of the above 33. ______A status one is assigned based on biological factors is referred to as a(n) a. b. c. d. e.

Social role Assigned role Master status Ascribed status Achieved status

34. Many of us have fond memories of kindergarten, perhaps because there was ore time for activities like making art and reading stories. However, a sociologist might point out that kindergarteners are not just being taught about arts and crafts. They are also being taught how to be students: how to sit still, take orders, remain in their seats and behave in school – skills that will be necessary for the rest of their education. What are these other things that are taught in kindergarten called? a. expressions of behavior b. the hidden curriculum c. secondary socialization d. theories of the self e. the ego 35. _____ Resocialization is particularly severe when individuals are severed from their previous relations with society, and their former identities are stripped away. What sort of life change would lead to this more dramatic form of resocialization? a. remarriage b. the start of a new job in a new field c. retirement d. the birth of a first child e. entry into a total institution

Open-ended : Please answer the following open ended questions. They are worth 10 points each (3 - for a total of 30 points): type your answers. Select 3 only! A) Demographic Transition – Explain the four stages. Name each and explain them. The demographic transition theory is the way a society slowly becomes both more industrialized and stronger. It follows a pattern of birth, death, and growth as the population of the society increases. There are four stages to this theory. The first two stages are termed “expanding” while the third is “stationary” and the fourth is “contracting”. The first stage consists of high birth and death rates (low life expectancy rates) since the society is just beginning to form. The second stage is a little better (a little longer life expectancy) as birth rates stay high but death rates decrease. The third stage mainly involves aging so there are neither high birth nor death rates. The fourth and final stage is when life expectancy rates significantly increase where although birth and death rates are both low, people are able to live longer.

B) Many natural scientists argue that behavioral traits can be explained through genetics. Many social scientists believe that behavior is learned and shaped through human interaction. According to chapter 4, which view is correct? Justify your answer There is a huge debate on whether genetics or social interaction shape human development, which is why it is called the nature vs. nurture debate. According to chapter 4, both nature AND nature play a role since nature is responsible for genetic inheritance and how our genes develop from past generations. For example, behavioral conditions can be passed down through genetics such as a family history of anxiety. Additionally, nurture also plays a role as we are growing up where we socialize and interact with others. An example of this would be how children learn from their parents’ behaviors. Essentially, nature is a foundation for nurturing throughout life. This is why they both play a role in human behavior/development. C) According to George Herbert Mead, how does the self develop? According to George Herbert Mead, the self develops beginning with childhood. Babies and small children learn from the people around them through imitation, which helps them develop a sense of self. Mead describes this as imitation in babies, games in toddlers (ages 4-5), and more organized games in older children (ages 8-9). Overall, based on these levels of development as children become older, it is important to allow them to develop this way because it significantly impacts their personality/sense of self as they age. D) Culture is a very broad concept, usually divided into material culture and symbolic culture. List and

describe the major components of symbolic culture....