KIN 140 Module 1 - Notes for midterm PDF

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Notes for midterm...

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KIN 140 Module 1 – Terms 

DISCIPLINARY refers to work in academia related to a specific field of study operating within boundaries (in silos); specialization.

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FINE MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT refers to a physical movement that requires control of the small musculature of the body to achieve the goal of the skill and typically involves eye-hand coordination and precision.

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GROSS MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT refers to a physical movement characterized as involving the large musculature of the body to achieve the goal of the skill where smooth coordination is of central importance.

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INTERDISCIPLINARY refers to an integrative mixture of scientific disciplines, wherein the work analyzes, synthesizes, and harmonizes links between disciplines into a coordinated and coherent whole when working in a relationship.

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KINESIOLOGY is a multi-faceted field with an intellectual focus on the study of movement in all its various forms and applications.

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MOTOR BEHAVIOUR is the science that examines the way in which we learn, control, and develop motor skill; an umbrella term for a scientific discipline in the field of Kinesiology.

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MOTOR CONTROL is the study of the underlying processes involved in movement and how various movements are controlled by the central nervous system

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MOTOR DEVELOPMENT is the study of the changes in human motor behavior as we proceed through the life span, the processes that underlie these changes, and the factors that affect them.

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MOTOR LEARNING is the study of the processes involved in acquiring the capability to execute a motor skill, whereby there is a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from practice or experience.

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MOTOR SKILL refers to voluntary physical movement of the body and/or limb in a highly specific response sequence to accomplish the goal of an action or task (this is different than skilled behaviour).

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MULTIDISCIPLINARY refers to a non-integrative mixture of scientific disciplines, wherein each discipline retains its methodologies and assumptions (stays within their respective boundaries) when working in a relationship; knowledge generated is additive.

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ONE DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM is a system whereby motor skills are classified according to one common characteristic, which can be divided into two dichotomous categories that represent extreme ends of a continuum.

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REFLEX is an involuntary, sub-cortically controlled movement that is a relatively stereotypical response to a specific sensory stimulus.

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TRANSDISCIPLINARY refers to an integrative mixture of scientific disciplines, practitioners, and nonscientific sources to go beyond traditional boundaries by developing a new kind of knowledge involving the cooperation amongst different parts of society.

The field of Kinesiology itself is multi-faceted and includes a diverse and wide range of fields: exercise physiology, sport and exercise psychology, biomechanics, pedagogy, and motor behaviour, to name just a few.

Many of these specialized fields have emerged from grandparent disciplines such as psychology, biology, and physics. The consistent thread that brings all of these areas of specialization together, under the umbrella term ‘Kinesiology’, is their focus on understanding human movement in all of its various forms and applications. Motor development specifically is considered to be a sub-discipline within the area of Motor Behaviour. Questions that drive work in motor development focus on generating knowledge about how our movement behaviour changes throughout the human life span and the associated biological and environmental factors that underlie these changes.

What is a Motor Skill? Motor skills are not inherent within the system; rather, the capability to execute a motor skill requires practice or experience. Examining motor skill acquisition as a function of practice or experience is the primary focus of motor learning. Motor development is concerned with understanding the characteristics of change in motor behaviour across time. In the process of motor skill acquisition, this means identifying when changes in motor skill capability typically occur in the human lifespan, identifying the cause of these changes, determining how predictable these changes are, and examining universality (versus individuality) of human characteristics for motor skill development.

Classifying Motor Skills Using a One-Dimensional System In motor behaviour, one method of classification has been to use one-dimensional classification systems. In a one-dimensional classification system, skills are classified based on one common characteristic. The characteristic of interest is usually divided into two categories. Each category represents an extreme end on a continuum....