Kine 406 Final Study Guide PDF

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Kine 406 Final Study Guide FICA o Federal Insurance Contributions Act  Tax deposits are “formally” entrusted to: -Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund -Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund -Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund -Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund  Much debate over FICA and benefits: “spreads risk”  Current FICA rate: 7.65% ($7960.80 maximum tax)  Sidenote: Medicare Tax is 1.45% OASDI 6.2% - wage base is on first $128,700 December 2010 – Congress passed a 1-year tax cut for workers to 4.2% Employee contributes half and employers contribute half.  these are not simply taxes nor do they create “retirement accounts” like an IRA  it is an insurance program funded through payroll taxes…constitutes insurance premiums protecting workers and covered family members against loss of income from the wage earner’s retirement, disability, or death. o EX: worker becomes disabled in their 30 or 40’s could receive a huge return for the relatively small amount they contributed in FICA before becoming disabled, since disability benefits continue for life. Same thing if a worker died in mid-life Similar to any other insurance program, public or private, whether the risk is against illness, car wreck, or house fire. Everyone in the particular insurance pool is insured against the same risks, but not everyone will benefit to the same extent. 4.2%: lost revenue to be repaid to SS from the general revenue funds= increasing national debt 

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Social Security Eligibility and Benefits o Yes, so long as you've worked for at least 10 years (for those born in 1929 or later). Ten years is the minimum amount of time required to earn the mandatory 40 credits. Even if you have accumulated your 40 credits, however, you can't start getting payouts until you're 62 or older. Medicare Parts o Part A: Hospitalization Part B: Outpatient Part C: Medicare Advantage Part D: Drug Card – approved in 2006 Sexual Response Cycle Changes Males/Females o Males:  Excitement – slower  Penile sensation intensity – lessened

More time & direct stimulation to achieve erection Plateau period may be long in older men, allowing them to maintain erection longer before ejaculation  Ejaculatory force – reduced  Orgasm – shorter/less intense  Fewer pelvic contractions – less sex flush  Erection subside quicker  Longer time for another erection  Plateau – resolution w/o ejaculation o Females:  Decreased vaginal lubrication/expansion w/ stimuli  No diff. nipple erection & clitoral response  Orgasmic/resolution longer  Capacity achieve orgasms not change  Inc. vaginal lube, elasticity, & vaginal depth active vs. non  Use it or lose it sex functioning University Chicago Sexuality Study Findings o 3005 adults ages 57 – 85, 2 hour face to face interviews o Many are sexually active as long as their health holds out o In the preceding 12 months: 73% ages 57 – 64 53% ages 65 – 74 26% ages 75 – 85 were sexually active o 54% of the oldest sexually active respondents reported having sex at least two to three times per month; 23% reported having sex once a week or more o About ½ men and women under age 75 engaged in oral sex in the previous 12 months o 14% of men reported taking medication to improve o Sexual function; 1% of women o 38% of men and 22% of women reported having discussed sex with a physician since the age of 50 o Masturbation lower among respondents at older ages and higher among men than women o Women more likely to rate sex as being “not important at all” – respondents who were not sexually active more likely to give this answer o ½ all respondents reported having at least one bothersome sexual problem – 1/3 reported at least two Benefits of Physical Activity and Strength Training o Strength  Maintain metabolism  More muscle tissue  

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Increased metabolic rate, dec. body fat, changes in blood fats & insulin resistance, inc. cardiovascular endurance, inc. bone mass, improved muscle strength, positive psychological effects Effects of Aging on Physiologic and Health Related Variables o Components of fitness o Cardiovascular endurance (aerobic) o Muscular strength & endurance; anaerobic, endurance, strength o Flexibility o Balance o Coordination Facts about aging o Older adults at risk for HIV/AIDs o Older adults have highest suicide rates o More trouble sleeping o Perspire less and suffer hyperthermia o Height, physical strength, bladder capacity, all 5 senses declines o People face more chronic conditions o Less anxious about death o Capable of driving safely o Longer to recover from physical/physiological stress o Consider own health=good; women better healthcare habits than men Active phase of dying signs o Inability to arouse patient at all (coma) or, ability to only arouse patient with great effort but patient quickly returns to severely unresponsive state (semi-coma) o Severe agitation in patient, hallucinations, acting "crazy" and not in patient's normal manner or personality o Much longer periods of pausing in the breathing (apnea) o Dramatic changes in the breathing pattern including apnea, but also including very rapid breathing or cyclic changes in the patterns of breathing (such as slow progressing to very fast and then slow again, or shallow progressing to very deep breathing while also changing rate of breathing to very fast and then slow) o Other very abnormal breathing patterns o Severely increased respiratory congestion or fluid buildup in lungs 

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Increase metabolic rate Reduced body fat Increased bone mineral density Improve glucose metabolism Speed up food transit Lower BP Improve blood lipids

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o Inability to swallow any fluids at all (not taking any food by mouth voluntarily as well) o patient states that he or she is going to die o patient breathing through wide open mouth continuously and no longer can speak even if awake o urinary or bowel incontinence in a patient who was not incontinent before o marked decrease in urine output and darkening color of urine or very abnormal colors (such as red or brown) o blood pressure dropping dramatically from patient's normal blood pressure range (more than a 20 or 30 point drop) o systolic blood pressure below 70, diastolic blood pressure below 50 o patient's extremities (such as hands, arms, feet and legs) feel very cold to touch o patient complains that his or her legs/feet are numb and cannot be felt at all o cyanosis, or a bluish or purple coloring to the patients arms and legs, especially the feet and hands) o patient's body is held in rigid unchanging position Grief models o Kubler-Ross Stages  Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance o 7 stages  shock/disbelief, denial, anger, bargaining, guilt, depression, acceptance/hope Characteristics and facts about different generations Reasons for poor balance Information about falls There are 5 questions from video Boomers...