L5Notes Packet - Lecture notes 5 PDF

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Summary

Notes on esson 5 "Los vacaciones," which covers discussing and planning a vacation, describing a hotel, talking about how you feel, and talking about the season and weather....

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El verbo estar - Explanation and Practice 1 The verb estar is one of two verbs in Spanish that means “to be.” In English “to be” is an important verb and is used a lot (I am, you are, he is …). The same is true in Spanish, so it is important to learn the forms of estar. Two “quirks” of the verb estar cause it to be considered an irregular verb: 1. The “yo” form ends in oy instead of o (but so do the yo forms of other verbs). 2. There is an accent on the letter a, except in the nosotros form.

yo

estoy

tú

estás

usted (Ud.) él ella

está

estar -- to be nosotros nosotras vosotros vosotras ustedes (Uds.) ellos ellas

estamos estáis están

Práctica. Completen las frases siguientes con la forma correcta del verbo estar. (Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb estar.) 1. María y Ana ____________________ en Colombia. 2. Él ____________________ enfermo. 3. Nosotras ____________________ en la misma clase. 4. Yo ____________________triste (sad) hoy. 5. Tú y yo ____________________ en Arkansas. 6. ¿Cómo ____________________ la chica rubia? 7. Dolores, ¿por qué ____________________ tú nerviosa? 8. Ustedes ____________________ muy contentas. 9. María Elena ____________________ de mal humor. 10. ¿Cómo ____________________ los alumnos cubanos? 11. Usted ____________________ muy tranquilo. 12. José y Miguel ____________________ cansados. 13. Yo ____________________ en California. 14. ¿Dónde ____________________ tú? 15. Tú y Tomás ____________________ resfriados, ¿no?

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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE In English, the present progressive tense is a two-part verb formed using the present tense of the verb to be plus the -ing form (called the gerund or present participle) of the main verb. This tense is used to indicate something in progress or happening right now. I am talking on the phone.

He is eating.

They are leaving.

Spanish is the same – but since there are two (2) verbs that mean to be, which one should you use? Estar is used – NEVER ser. Let’s review the present tense forms of the verb estar. Estar yo

estoy

tú

estás

él ella usted

está

To Be nosotros nosotras vosotros vosotras ellos ellas ustedes

estamos estáis están

The present participle in Spanish is formed by adding -ando to the stem of -ar verbs and -iendo to the stem of -er and -ir verbs. hablar – habl- hablando

comer – com- comiendo

vivir – viv- viviendo

Some -er and -ir verbs substitute a y for i in the participle. Note: the stem of these verbs ends in a vowel. leer – le- leyendo;

creer – cre- creyendo;

traer – tra- trayendo

The present participle of -ir verbs which have an e -> i and o -> u stem change in the preterite tense show that same change in the present participle. sentir - sintiendo repetir - repitiendo seguir - siguiendo pedir - pidiendo servir - sirviendo preferir - prefiriendo dormir - durmiendo morir - muriendo Some verbs are irregular: venir - viniendo The present participle of the verb ir is yendo.

decir - diciendo

poder - pudiendo

The present progressive: Yo hablo in Spanish can be translated into English as I talk, I do talk or I am talking. Since one of the translations of Yo hablo is I am talking, why do we even need the present progressive? The answer is to give a more graphic picture of an action in progress at a given moment. It makes the "presentness" more vivid. ¿Qué haces? What are you doing? ¿Qué estás haciendo? What are you doing ? Llueve.* It's raining. Está lloviendo. It is raining. (emphasizes that it is happening now) Nieva.* It's snowing. Está nevando. It is snowing. (emphasizes that it is happening now) Salimos ahora. We are leaving now. Estamos saliendo ahora. We are leaving now. (walking out the door.) Ellos llegan ahora. They are arriving. Están llegando. They are arriving. (coming in the house) Hablo por teléfono. I'm talking on the phone. Estoy hablando por teléfono. I'm talking on the phone. (Emphasis on now, so don't bother me.) *Note: These verbs are stem changing in the present tense, but the gerund is formed from the infinitive – no stem change. Page 1 of 1

PRESENT_PROGRESSIVE

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The Verbs “to know”: Ser vs. Estar Although the Spanish verbs “ser” and “estar” both mean “to be,” they are used quite differently. In very broad terms, “ser” is used to describe conditions or situations that do not tend to change. “Estar” describes conditions that tend to be temporary, and it also indicates location. Ser expresses:  A subject’s physical characteristics, personality traits, or conditions that generally do not change: perro rro Sp Spark ark arkyy es pe pequ qu queñ eñ eño o y div divert ert ertid id ido. o. o Mi pe

My dog Sparky is little and fun. o

Lo Loss chic chico os een n eell eequ qu quipo ipo de ffútb útb útbo ol son at atlét lét lético ico icoss y agre agressivo ivos. s. The boys on the soccer team are athletic and aggressive.

from m (ser de)  Where a subject is fro actriz riz Pe Penel nel nelo ope Cruz eess de EEsspañ paña. a. o La act

Est Estar ar signifies:  A temporary feeling or mental state a subject is experiencing; some characteristic a subject displays that is not permanent: Estoyy mu muyy pre preoc oc ocupa upa upad da. o Esto I am very worried. o

You look very pretty in that new bathing suit. o

The actress Penelope Cruz is from Spain. o

Mis pa padre dre dress so son n de Mia Miam mi. My parents are from Miami.

 A subject’s profession, nationality, religious or political affiliations abue ue uelo lo loss so son n pro profe fe fesore sore soress. o Mis ab My grandparents are teachers. o

La ccant ant antaante SShak hak hakir ir iraa es colo colomb mb mbia ia iana. na. The singer Shakira es Colombian.

o

Est Estás ás muy bon bonita ita een n es esee ttra ra raje je ddee bañ baño o nue nuevo vo vo..

El bbebé ebé eestá stá eenfe nfe nferm rm rmo o hoy hoy.. The baby is sick today.

locate ate ated d.  Where a subject is loc Em est en Col aho ilio estáá Color or orad ad ado o aho hora. ra. o Emilio Emilio is in Colorado now. o

Lo Loss re rest st staur aur aurant ant antes es est estáán m muy uy cerc cercaa de mi ca casa. sa. The restaurants are very near my house.

o

Est Estam am amos os en la ccla la lase se de qu químic ímic ímicaa. We are in chemistry class.

¿Es ccatól atól atólico ico el Pa Pap pa? Is the Pope Catholic?

 The date, the day of the week, and the time; a day of some particular significance. jueve ve ves, s, eell 6 de ag agost ost osto o, y tam tamb bié ién, n, es o Hoy es jue

nue nuest st stro ro aniv aniver er ersa sa sario rio rio.. Today is Thursday, August 6, and also, it is our anniversary. o

Son la lass do doss y me media. dia. It is two o’clock.

 Possession vest azul es de Jua Juan. estid id ido o azul o El vest The blue suit is Juan’s. oll ollar ar ddee oorro es mío mío.. o El ccoll The gold necklace is mine. Spanish

BCCC Tutoring Center Rev. 8/2015

Practice Worksheet: Ser vs. Estar -Fill in the blank. Complete each sentence using the correct forms of ser or estar

1.) Mi amiga Ana ______ de Costa Rica. Ella ______ costarricence. 2.) ¿De dónde _____ Frida Kahlo? _____ de México. 3.) Hoy es mi cumpleaños. ______ muy contento. 4.) Los libros _______ en mi mochila. 5.) La universidad ______ muy cerca del hospital. 6.) Tú ______ simpático y muy generoso. 7.) Normalmente Alejandro ______ cómico, pero hoy no porque ______ un poco triste. 8.) Cada domingo la Familia Gonzáles va a la iglesia. Los miembros de esta familia ______ religiosos. 9.) ¿Qué hora es? _______ las tres y media. 10.) Roberto y Marta ______ novios. Ellos ______ enamorados. 11.) ¿De quién es el carro? ______ de Paco. 12.) Nosotros _______ de Nueva Jersey. Hoy _______ en Nueva York. 13.) Mi abuelo no tiene pelo. Él ______ calvo. 14.) Me encanta la música de Shakira. Ella ______ mi cantante favorita. 15.) Mi padre _______ el rey y yo ______ una princesa. Vivimos en un palacio elegante y nosotros _______ ricos.

Spanish

Las Respuestas: 1.) es,es; 2.) es, Es; 3.) Estoy; 4.) están; 5.) está; 6.) eres; 7.) es, está; 8.) son; 9.) Son; 10.) Son, están; 11.) Es; 12.) somos, estamos; 13.) es; 14.) es; 15.) es, soy, somos; 16.) estoy

16.) ¿Cómo estás? Pues, tengo un examen hoy en la clase de matemáticas y ________ un poco nervioso.

BCCC Tutoring Center Rev. 8/2015

Pronombres Directos - Direct Object Pronouns ♦The direct object receives the action of the verb. It answers the question “whom” or “what” after the verb. The direct object can be a noun or a pronoun. -We ate tacos. -They invited John.

What did we eat? Whom did they invite?

Tacos. John.

Tacos is the direct object. John is the direct object.

♦In English, nouns are replaced by pronouns. If we didn't have pronouns, we would have to keep repeating the noun, and our speech would become cumbersome. For example: -Do you see John? -Did you call Mary and Ana?

-No, I don't see John. -No, I didn’t call Mary and Ana.

With pronouns, we can simplify this. -Do you see John? -No, I don't see John -Did you call Mary and Ana? -No, I didn't call Mary and Ana.

-Do you see him? -No, I don't see him -Did you call them? -No, I didn't call them.

♦In Spanish, nouns are also replaced by pronouns. We have already learned the subject pronouns. There are also direct object pronouns. Study the following chart. subject pronouns* yo tú él ella usted nosotros nosotras vosotros vosotras ellos ellas ustedes

I you he she you we

direct object pronouns me te lo la lo, la nos

me you him; it (masc.) her; it (fem.) you (masc. & fem.) us

you (pl.) familiar

os

you (pl) familiar

they

los las los, las

them - masculine them - feminine you (pl. m. & f.) formal

you (pl.) formal

Using the noun -Do you see John? ¿Ves a Juan?

Substituting the pronoun -Do you see him? ¿Lo ves?

-No, I don't see John.

-No, I don't see him.

No, no veo a Juan.

No, no lo veo.

-Did you call Mary and Ana? ¿Llamaste a María y a Ana?

-Did you call them? ¿Las llamaste?

-No, I didn't call Mary and Ana. No, no llamé a María y a Ana.

-No, I didn't call them. No, no las llamé.

-Do you have the book? ¿Tienes el libro?

-Do you have it? ¿Lo tienes?

-Did you read the magazine? ¿Leíste la revista?

-Did you read it? ¿La leíste?

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This material is the property of the AR Dept. of Education. It may be used and reproduced for non-profit, educational purposes only after contacting the ADE Distance Learning Center. RFS...