Lab 1 meninges & CSF answers PDF

Preview

Summary

First Neuroanatomy practical answers....

Description

300754 neuroanatomy Spring 2017

Neuroanatomy 300754: LAB 1 Review of the Central Nervous System (CNS) & its coverings On successful completion of these activities and associated reading, you should be able to:  identify and distinguish between the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord  identify and describe each of the meningeal layers and their association with each other and the skull  explain the functions of the meninges  identify and name the dural septae  name the different parts of the ventricular system  explain how CSF is produced  identify the ventricles in normal & pathological conditions (X-rays, CTs or MRIs)  identify the normal brain weight range

Task 1: Overview of the brain The CNS comprises 6 anatomical regions: the cerebral cortex, the diencephalon (thalamus & hypothalamus), midbrain, pons and the cerebellum, the medulla & the spinal cord. The best way to understand the anatomy is firstly to look at the topography, to identify anatomical structures and their relationships, and then to define the functions of the identified structures. The brain is protected by the meninges and ventricular system. 

Using the wet specimens and models identify the 6 main CNS regions.

Anatomically, the cortex is divided to 5 lobes (4 named in relation to skull bones). The lobes are separated & subdivided by fissures (deep grooves), gyri (elevated folds) and sulci (shallow grooves between folds). Their function is to increase the surface area. The pattern of sulci and gyri is extremely variable and defining even these relatively major sulci and gyri is not always easy. In general, each lobe can be divided into 3 gyri by 2 sulci. The sulci provide landmarks for identifying lobes and functional areas of the brain. Identify the main lobes and the following sulci, gyri and fissures on the brain specimen and draw them on the diagram below.

1. Longitudinal fissure (separates the hemispheres) 2. Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) 3. Transverse fissure 4. Central sulcus 5. Pre central sulcus and pre central gyrus 6. Post central sulcus and post central gyrus 7. Parietal-occipital sulcus 8. Calcarine sulus 9. Superior and inferior temporal sulci. 10. Superior and inferior frontal sulci 11. cingulate sulcus & gyrus  Note that it terminates by passing upward to form a sulcus that continues on to the lateral surface of the hemisphere as the postcentral sulcus. The central sulcus is usually the sulcus immediately anterior to this sulcus (on the lateral surface).

Task 2: Brain Size and Weight Just like there is variability in cerebral gyral and sulcal patterns, there is variability in brain size and weight. The average brain weighs about 1300-1400g and measures around 16cm in length.

2

Spend some time working in pairs or small groups (...