Lab 1 Minerals W21 Worksheet PDF

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Geol104...

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GEOL 104 - Lab 1 Identifying Minerals !

In this lab you will learn how to identify minerals using physical properties such as cleavage, lustre, colour and streak. You will also become familiar with the minerals found in common rock types, which will be important for future labs. " Using the properties of minerals that were presented in lecture, coupled with mineral reference websites, you will familiarize yourself with tools and techniques for mineral identification. Note that the virtual 3D specimens in this week’s lab are ideal representatives."

Total Marks: 70" If you don’t have enough room on the worksheet, you can include extra material that you created in Word, Powerpoint, etc. and attach it to your submission. Make sure that the entire submission (worksheets + extra pages) are combined into a single PDF in order to avoid formatting penalties."

Figure 1: Habit and cleavage of hornblende

______________________________________________________________________"

Group Number: _______________________"

Last Name, First Name

Section No.

Please list the contributions you made to this group assignment (e.g. “I researched websites”; “I participated in group discussion”, “I wrote the answer to Question 2”)

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1) Cleavage, Fracture, and Crystal Habit (6 marks)" Three common minerals with distinctive crystal habits are shown below. " For each image, identify the type of surface indicated by the arrow, and write the answer next to it. The surface can be a fracture, a cleavage, or a crystal face. As you recall from your lectures, some minerals can have more than one of each type.# CALCITE 1

2

3

GARNET

4

5

6

MUSCOVITE

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2) Physical Characteristics of Minerals (32 marks)" a) Below is a list of 10 important rock-forming minerals, grouped by families (sheet silicates, chain silicates, etc.). For each, research and fill out the chemical formula, hardness, lustre, streak colour, and cleavage. By clicking on the mineral name, you can examine it in 3D on the Sketchfab website. Table 1: Physical properties of rock-forming minerals Mineral Name

Chemical Formula

Hardness

Lustre

Streak Colour

Cleavage (number of planes, angles)

Phosphate Apatite (green mineral)

Phyllosilicate - sheets Biotite Talc Nesosilicates - isolated tetrahedra Staurolite Garnet (purple mineral)

Inosilicate - double chain Hornblende Pyroxene Tectosilicate - 3D framework Quartz 1 , Quartz 2 Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar

List the sources you used for Questions 1 & 2:"

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3) Identifying Minerals Using Diagnostic Properties (9 marks) Pretend that you are given four mineral samples: olivine, calcite, gypsum, and kyanite but you are not told which is which. Luckily, you are also given a glass plate, a knife, a streak plate, and an acid bottle. You are allowed to handle the minerals, and can assess their visual characteristics, such as lustre and colour. You have your textbook, and links to videos on how to perform hardness and streak tests. (Click on the mineral names if you wish to see examples of the minerals in Sketchfab.)" In your own words, describe how you would identify each of the four minerals by process of elimination, and include your reasoning. There is more than one right answer. Hint: If all four minerals have a white streak, that characteristic is not helpful - do not include it in your steps." _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________" _________________________________________________________________________________________"

List the sources you used for Question 3:"

4) Ores and industrial minerals (21 marks)" This exercise focuses on several minerals that are important to the mining industry. Many have a metallic to sub-metallic lustre, therefore other characteristics will be more important for distinguishing them from each other. "

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Samples of six different minerals (chalcopyrite, hematite, galena, goethite, graphite, magnetite, pyrite, and sphalerite) have been tested and the results are listed below in Table 2. " (a) (b) (c) (d)

Match each sample to one of the eight minerals listed above. " Circle the key characteristic(s) that led to the identification of the mineral." Include a use for the mineral." Include the source(s) you used to fill out the table, such as URL if it is a website."

Table 2. 2 Ore and industrial minerals

Colour & Lustre

Streak Colour

Other properties

Mineral Name?

Used for… (if used for ore, name the metal)

high SG

1 • dark grey colour" • metallic lustre

" brownish- to purplish-red cubic cleavage

2 • brassy/gold colour" • metallic lustre

" greenish- to brownishblack streaks paper

3 • grey colour" • metallic lustre

" grey magnetic

4 • dark grey colour" • submetallic lustre

" black

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Table 2 2. Ore and industrial minerals

Colour & Lustre

Streak Colour

Other properties

Mineral Name?

Used for… (if used for ore, name the metal)

• cubic cleavage" • high SG

5 • grey colour" • metallic lustre

" dark grey sulphurous smell when streaked

6 brown or grey" • resinous or metallic lustre

brownish-grey

sometimes iridescent

7 • yellow colour" • metallic lustre

" greenish-black high SG

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• dark grey colour" • earthy lustre

" yellowishbrown

List the sources you used for Question 4:"

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