LAB Report AIR Particle PDF

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW 568 OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORT

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DATE OF EXPERIMENT GROUP GROUP MEMBERS

: AIR PARTICLE : 27 OCTOBER 2020 : EC220 /6C4A 1. INTAN AFIQAH BINTI KABRI (2019528043) 2. AIN NAZIRA BINTI MOHD SABANDI (2019582535) 3. HAIDHATUL AMIZZA BINTI AZMI (2019528193) 4. MUHAMMAD ZULHILMI BIN MUHAMMAD ZULHAZLI (2019528147) 5. LLOYDR YEN NAWANG SIMON (2019582329)

LECTURER LEVEL OF OPENESS

: DR. DZULAIHKA BINTI KHAIRUDDIN : 2 MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

1

2

3

4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

ORGANIZATION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

INTRODUCTION

Particulates in the air vary from location to location within the area. Air particles are tiny subdivisions of solid matter suspended in a gas or liquid. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and/or liquid droplets and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be manmade or natural. Large amount of air particles in the environment is the main cause of air pollution which can bring various implications such as health problem and reduce visibility.

OBJECTIVES 1. To determine the presence of particulate matter in air. 2. To analyze data and interpret the results of the air particle experiment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Haze has become a national concern over the past few years. Health reports have indicated the rise of respiratory problems particularly to the elders and the younglings as well. Schools and universities were also affected and closed down for few days which eventually affected the teaching and learning process. Latest information on the air quality is inevitably crucial and important now. As a group you are required to conduct an experiment to measure the particulate matter in the air at various locations in the faculty. You are advised to consider environment factors such as the study locations, ambient temperature, wind speed, elevation and other as well as duration of measurement (accumulated or independent) which may affect the experiment and results.

APPARATUS 

PCE-RCM 10 Particle Counter

PROCEDURES 1. The location was selected at Faculty Civil Engineering UiTM. 2 location was selected. 2. When the meter is off, the power button is been pressed and held for a few seconds until a beep tone is heard to switch on the devices. 3. After the device is started, the display is showing the current value of PM 2.5 in the middle. The evaluation of the measured value is shown by the color in which it is shown. 4. Green means good, yellow means neither good neither bad, red means bad 5. The quality of Pm 2.5 is also displayed on the color scale. 6. The current temperature is displayed at the lower area of the display in the lefthand side. 7. On the right-hand side, the current air humidity is shown. 8. The next interface is showed where the temperature, air humidity, PM2.5, and PM10 are displayed after we have pushed and released the power button, 9. The power button is pushed again that showed the area for the graphical representation. The graphics showed the values measured during the last 3 minutes. 10. The data shown from the device is been measure. 11. Lastly, the power button is been pressed and hold for a few seconds until a beep tone is heard to switch off the devices. 12. The step is repeated from step 1 until 10 at different locations.

DATA ANALYSIS

a) Reading of air particles for PM2.5

b) Reading of air particles for PM10

Time

Location 1

Location 2

Time

Location 1

Location 2

(Hours)

(µg/m3)

(µg/m3)

(Hours)

(µg/m3)

(µg/m3)

8.00

35

59

8.00

100

125

9.00

36

60

9.00

105

130

10.00

35

62

10.00

110

135

11.00

36

63

11.00

105

135

12.00

36

65

12.00

100

140

13.00

36

68

13.00

110

140

14.00

36

67

14.00

105

141

15.00

35

66

15.00

103

142

16.00

35

68

16.00

100

142

17.00

38

70

17.00

101

148

18.00

40

71

18.00

103

150

19.00

39

72

19.00

99

155

20.00

39

71

20.00

101

155

c) Graph of air particles for PM2.5

PM2.5 vs Time 80

PM 2.5(µg/m3)

70 60 50

Location 1 Location 2

40 30 20 7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

Time (hours)

d) Graph of air particles for PM10

Location prediction for 1 = Classroom in UiTM Shah Alam Location prediction for 2 = Bus stop of Dataran Cendekia in UiTM Shah Alam

DISCUSSION As we know, Particulate Matters, PM are formed through physical motion, like pulverized dust getting wind swept, and other particulate matter are formed through gaseous chemical reactions in the atmosphere. PM is regulated because it has negative health consequences, especially when it is small enough to travel deep into the lungs, and be respired. This will lead to a serious health condition to the people who breathes the air. Based on the data taken, there are 2 location which gives two different results. In the data taken for the first location for PM2.5, the lowest reading is 35µg/m3 which were recorded at 8am, 10am, 3pm, and 4pm. As for the highest, the reading recorded were at 40µg/m3, which was taken at 6pm. For the second location on PM2.5, the lowest reading was at 59µg/m3, recorded at 8am, and the highest reading were at 72µg/m3, recorded on 7pm. For the data taken on PM10, the lowest reading for the first location were at 99µg/m3, recorded on 7pm. And, the highest reading for the first location were at 110 µg/m3, taken at 10am, and 1pm. When looking at the second location, the lowest data were at 125µg/m3, recorded at 8am. And, the highest data taken were at 155µg/m3, recorded from 7pm, and 8pm.

Based on Table 1, the standard of the New Malaysia Ambient air quality shows that the PM10 has the value of 100 and after it was being compared with data that we obtained from location 1 and location 2, the value ranging in 100 to 155 µg/m3 which exceeded the standard in 2020. In location 1, the average value of PM10 is 111.83 µg/m3 while the average value of PM10 in location 2 is 153.17 µg/m3. These average shows that both of the locations are not safe for human to live in. The value of standard of PM2.5 in 2020

is 35 µg/m3 while location 1 has value of PM2.5 ranging in 35 to 40 µg/m3 and in location 2 ranging in 59 to 72 µg/m3. With a thorough reading, we can see that location 1 has a good quality of air since the value does not exceed the standard that much but location 2 exceeded the standard by a large value with an average of 71.83 µg/m 3.

Referring to the Air Pollution Index (API), the first location was classified on GOOD to MODERATE. For PM2.5, the lowest reading for the first location were at 35µg/m3, which is lower than (0-50), classifying the air quality as GOOD. Whereas the highest reading was at 40µg/m3 which is also classified as GOOD. Looking at this data, we can predict that the location for the first location’s data are most likely to be indoor. For the second location on PM2.5, the lowest reading was at 59µg/m3. It is placed in the range of (51-100), classifying it as MODERATE. And for the highest reading, the data taken were at 72µg/m3. This places it in the range of (51-100), classifying it as MODERATE. When comparing this to the Air Pollution Index, we can predict the location to be outdoor as the high level of API are probably caused by vehicles. Next, for PM10, on the first location the lowest reading were at 99µg/m3, placing it in the range of (51-100), which classifying it as MODERATE. And, the highest reading for location 1 were 110 µg/m3. This is in the range of (101-200), classifying it as UNHEALTHY. For the second reading, the lowest reading was recorded at 125µg/m 3, which ranges in (101-200), classifying it as UNHEALTHY. And, the highest reading are 155µg/m3. This is ranged in (101-200), classified as UNHEALTHY. By observing the result of PM2.5 and PM10, we can predict that location 1 is located in the classroom of the faculty, as the readings of the Air Pollution Index are lower. For location 2, it is predicted that the data were taken at the bus stop of Dataran Cendekia UiTM Shah Alam, as the high readings of Air Pollution Index are most likely to be caused by the vehicles in the campus.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, particulate matter is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air many of which are hazardous. This complex mixture includes both organic and inorganic particles, such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. These particles vary greatly in size, composition and origin. Particles in air are either directly emitted, for instance when fuel is burnt and when dust is carried by wind or indirectly formed, when gaseous pollutants previously emitted to air turn into particulate matter. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of particulate matter in air at two different location. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective that stated, we used PCE-RCM 10 Particle Counter to measure air quality for both locations. The apparatus that used is simple to operate. Meanwhile, the apparatus is well function as it displayed the concentration of the air particle in the air. According the result, it shows that student able to determine the reading of air particles for PM2.5 and PM10 at both locations very well. Besides, regarding the data and analysis had shown that the student able to analyze data and interpret the results of the air particle experiment. To summarize, for PM2.5 at the location 1 shows the overall reading for the first location which is the classroom in UiTM Shah Alam classified as GOOD. It shows that the air at the location there is a “little to no risk” for the human health. Meanwhile, for the second location on PM 2.5, the overall reading which is located at bus stop of Dataran Cendekia in UiTM Shah Alam classified as MODERATE. It shows that it might be experience respiratory symptoms that probably cause by vehicle. For PM10, on the first location the lowest reading were at 99µg/m3, which classifying it as MODERATE while the highest reading for location 1 were 110 µg/m3classifying it as UNHEALTHY. The second reading, the lowest reading was recorded at 125µg/m3classifying it as UNHEALTHY while the highest reading is 155µg/m3classified as UNHEALTHY. Based on the reading, it will affect the human health on aggravation of heart or lung disease and there some mitigation should be taken to avoid from the unhealthy air. Other than that, there are some effective tips to protect our health from the dangerous air. Firstly, avoid exercising outdoors when pollution levels are high. Therefore, people should limit the amount of time outdoors if the air quality is unhealthy. Next, people should avoid exercising near high traffic areas that can create high pollution levels up

to one-third a mile away. As a student, they should practice to walk, bike or carpool to the university. Use buses is also other alternatives to driving their car. The last but not least, to sum up this study was achieve all the objective completely.

REFERENCES (DOE), D. o. (2013). New Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Air-Quality-StandardBI.pd Ministry of Environment and Water. Air Pollutant Index. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/en/info-umum/english-air-pollutant-index-api/100...