FULL Report AIR Particles PDF

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORYECW 568OPEN-ENDED LABSEMESTER 6TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : AIR PARTICLESDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 28/4/GROUP : EC2206AGROUP MEMBERS :1. WAN AHMAD NAFIZULHAKIM BIN WAN KHALID (2018695518)2. TUN AKMAL BIN HANG TUAH (2018438834)3. SYAHMI BIN MOHAMMAD (2018206332)4. ZAM ADZNAN B...

Description

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW 568 OPEN-ENDED LAB SEMESTER 6 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: AIR PARTICLES

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 28/4/2021

GROUP

: EC2206A7

GROUP MEMBERS

:

1. 2. 3. 4.

WAN AHMAD NAFIZULHAKIM BIN WAN KHALID (2018695518) TUN AKMAL BIN HANG TUAH (2018438834) SYAHMI BIN MOHAMMAD (2018206332) ZAM ADZNAN BIN ZAM MA’MOR (2018644752)

LECTURER

: IR. TS. ZAIZATUL ZAFFLINA BINTI MOHD ZAKI

LEVEL OF OPENESS

:

2

MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

1

2

3

4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

ORGANIZATION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

INTRODUCTION Particulates in the air vary from location to location within the area. Air particles are tiny subdivisions of solid matter suspended in a gas or liquid. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and/or liquid droplets and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be manmade or natural. Large amount of air particles in the environment is the main cause of air pollution which can bring various implications such as health problem and reduce visibility.

OBJECTIVES 1. To quantify the presence of particulate matter in air. 2. To analyze data and interpret the results of the air particle experiment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Haze has become a national concern over the past few years. Health reports have indicated the rise of respiratory problems particularly to the elders and the younglings as well. Schools and universities were also affected and closed down for few days which eventually affected the teaching and learning process. Latest information on the air quality is inevitably crucial and important now. As a group you are required to conduct an experiment to measure the particulate matter in the air at various locations in the faculty. You are advised to consider environment factors such as the study locations, ambient temperature, wind speed, elevation and other as well as duration of measurement (accumulated or independent) which may affect the experiment and results.

BASIC CONCEPTS An indoor air quality meter is used in confined spaces to prevent mold, to monitor CO2 levels, or to detect gas leaks. Some of the device are PCE-HFX 100, PCE-RCM 05, PCE-RCM 10 and many more devices. Whether portable or fixed, handheld or wall mounted, air quality monitoring equipment is essential for ensuring health and safety. Low air quality could course respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neuropsychiatric complications and various bad effects (Azam, Zanjani, and Mood, 2016). As we all know, most of the pollutants enters the body through airways and our respiratory system are the first to battle with this pollutants to protect our body from disease such as asthma. Therefore, for this experiment we use PCE-RCM 10 instrument to measure the air quality for the surrounding and the data was taken hourly in order to produce the average concentration of air particles of PM2.5 and PM10 at location 1 and location 2.

METHODOLOGY APPARATUS i.

PCE-RCM10 Air Quality Analyser

ii.

Stopwatch

FIGURE 1 shows the device of air quality analyser which is PCE-RCM10.

PROCEDURE 1. The PCE-RCM10 Air Quality Analyser device was switched on. 2. The device started to collect the data quality of PM2.5 was displayed on the screen in a colour scale. The temperature was displayed on the left side. 3. PM2.5, PM10, temperature and air humidity was displayed on screen when the power button was pressed and released. 4. The timer for the duration of data sampling was started. 5. The quality of PM2.5 and PM10 was recorded from 8am to 12pm and from 1pm to 8pm. 6. All the data was recorded and stored in the device.

RESULTS Location 1

Time

AM

PM

Location 2

PM2.5 (цg/m³)

PM10 (цg/m³)

PM2.5 (цg/m³)

PM10 (цg/m³)

8.00

35

100

59

125

9.00

36

105

60

130

10.00

35

110

62

135

11.00

36

105

63

135

12.00

36

100

65

140

13.00

36

110

68

140

14.00

36

105

67

141

15.00

35

103

66

142

16.00

35

100

68

142

17.00

38

101

70

148

18.00

40

103

71

150

19.00

39

99

72

155

20.00

39

101

71

155

TABLE 1 shows the data collected by the PCE-RCM10 Air Quality Analyser at two different location.

< 2.5 цg/m³ 80 70

PM2.5 (цg/m³)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

TIME

Location 1

20.00

25.00

Location 2

FIGURE 1 presents the graph air particles less than 2.5 цg/m³ (PM2.5) against time for two different location.

< 10 цg/m³ 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

Location 1

Location 2

20.00

25.00

FIGURE 2 presents the graph air particles less than 10 цg/m³ (PM10) against time for two different location.

Average PM2.5 (цg/m³)

PM10 (цg/m³)

Location 1

36.62

Location 2

66.31

Location 1

103.23

Location 2

141.38

TABLE 2 shows an average concentration of air particles of PM2.5 and PM10 at location 1 and location 2.

TABLE 3 shows the air quality index numbers, categories and concentration.

DISCUSSION. Table 1 shows the data that was collected by the PCE-RCM10 Air Quality Analyser at two different locations. The data was observed for 12 hours which from 8.00 to 12.00 AM and 13.00 to 20.00 PM averaging time were compared with New Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard. The value of 12 hours averaging time in am and pm for PM2.5 at both location 1 was 36.62 цg/m³ and 2 was 66.31 цg/m³ while for PM10 at location 1 was 103.23 цg/m³ and 2 was 141.38 цg/m³. Figure 1 show the graph for air particles PM2.5 versus time for two different location and figure 2 show the graph air particles PM10 versus time also for two different locations. Both of the graph displayed the movement of the reading for PCE-RCM10 air quality analyser from 8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. Refer to the Table 3 which the air quality index numbers, categories and concentration, PM2.5 for location 1 was under moderate AQI category and location 2 was under AQI category that unhealthy for sensitive groups meanwhile PM10 both location was under moderate AQI category. For moderate category, it was acceptable air quality, however there might be a risk for some people, particularly those who unusually sensitive to air pollution and for unhealthy for sensitive groups category involved members of sensitive groups that might experience health effects and the general public was less likely to be affected. To be more accurate, it can be said that both locations have a high amount of PM10 compared to PM2.5. For the knowledge, PM2.5 refers to particles that have diameter less than 2.5 micrometres and remain suspended for longer and PM10 describes inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometres and smaller, and that why that PM2.5 were more dangerous compared to PM10 because they were so small and light. Both of PM2.5 and PM10 were dangerous because they be able to bypass the nose and throat and also penetrate deep into the lungs and some may even enter the circulatory system. This resulting to various diseases such as cancer, heart attack, difficulties in breathing and many others. Last but not least, smaller the size of particles, more dangerous it becomes that’s why we could conclude that PM2.5 was more dangerous compared to PM10. They not only can cause harm to their health but also can cause death if this matter was not taken seriously by everyone. The best ways to reduce ourselves from exposed to the unhealthy PM were provide an air filter at each

house at least one, reduce the amount of particulate matter produced through smoke and reduce vehicle emissions and increase fuel efficiency.

CONCLUSION At the end of this experiment, we can concluded that the experiment can be consider as success. The purpose of the study was to analyse and measure the presence of particulate matter data using PCE-RCM 10 Air Quality Analyzer. PM2.5 and PM10 are minute particles present in the air and exposed to it is very harmful for health. PM2.5 refers to the atmospheric particulate matter that has a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres and PM10 are the particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres. We can concluded that the reading at the location 1 better than location 2 because of several factor that contribute. It maybe because of the air pollutions that happen such as construction or vehicles can reduce the quality of the air. We also concluded that the experiment for location 1 was take place at the classroom. It is because the data that shown can be classified as good where the quality of the air are safe for human health. For experiment at location 2 predicted taken place at the road in front of the UiTM Shah Alam gate. The construction and the traffic light in front of the gate give the biggest factor to the data that have been collected. As a conclusion, breathing clean air is very important for our lungs and our overall health. The air particles that can be observed are made up of dust, soot, smoke, and other chemicals that can be inhaled can block the movement of oxygen into the lungs. Higher particle concentrations are caused from areas with large populations with increased manufacturing and automobile emissions.

ORGANIZATION Introduction and Basic Concept: Tun Akmal bin Hang Tuah Methodology: Zam Adznan bin Zam Ma’mor Results: Zam Adznan bin Zam Ma’mor Discussion: Syahmi bin Mohammad Conclusion: Wan Ahmad Nafizul Hakim bin Wan Khalid

REFERENCES PCE-RCM-10 Air Quality Particle Counting Meter User Manual English Contents. (n.d.). https://www.mrclab.co.il/Media/Uploads/PCE-RCM-10_OPR.pdf

Alan C. Chan (2007, September 10). Table 1 . Air Quality Index numbers, categories, and concentration cut... ResearchGate; ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/AirQuality-Index-numbers-categories-and-concentration-cut-points-for-ozone-PM25_tbl1_268057874

See, N., Ku, K., Sani, M., & Mahamud, K. (n.d.). BRIDGE PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA . https://knconsulting.com.my/31.BRIDGES%20PROBLEM%20IN%20MALAYSIA.pdf

Particulate Matter and Outdoor Air Pollution. (2016, June 13). HealthLink BC. https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/outdoor-air-pollution...