Landmarks on Bones to Know PDF

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Pietrosimone...

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LANDMARKS to know on bones

3A = Axial Skeleton Frontal bone Supraorbital margin (eyebrow) Temporal bone Zygomatic process (forms part of the arch) / cheekbone External auditory meatus (ear) Mastoid process Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen Mandibular fossa Petrous portion Carotid foramen Jugular foramen Occipital bone Foramen magnum Occipital condyles External occipital protuberance (bump of knowledge) attachment for ligamentum nuchae Superior and Inferior nuchal lines Sphenoid bone Pterygoid processes Body Optic foramen Greater and lesser wings Sella turcica

Ethmoid bone Crista galli Maxillary bone Alveolar processes (hold upper teeth) Zygomatic bones Zygomatic arch (along with temporal bones) Lacrimal bones Lacrimal sac (where tears are produced) Mandible Body Angle Rami Condylar processes Coronoid processes Alveolar processes (for lower teeth) Mandibular foramen Mental foramen 3B = Axial Skeleton Intervertebral discs Annulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Intervertebral foramen Vertebrae Body Vertebral arch (pedicles and laminae)

2 transverse processes 4 articular processes 1 spinous process Vertebral foramen Vertebral notches Atlas (C1) Superior facets (where occipital condyles rest) Axis (C2) Dens (odontoid process) Sacrum Median sacral crest (fused spinous processes) Sacral ala / wing (fused transverse processes) Sacral hiatus Auricular surface of sacral tuberosity of SI joint Sternum Manubrium (clavicular notch) Body Xiphoid process Ribs Head Tubercle Body (contains costal groove)

3C = Appendicular Skeleton (Upper Extremity) Scapula:             

Superior Boarder Middle (Vertebral) Boarder Lateral (Axillary) Boarder Superior Angle Inferior Angle Acromion Scapular Notch Infraspinous Fossa Spine Of Scapula Subscapular Fossa Glenoid Cavity Coracoid Process Supraspinous Fossa

Clavicle:  Sternal Head  Costal Tuberosity  Conoid Tubercle  Acromial End  Trapezoid Line  Deltoid Tubercle  Subclavian Groove Humerus:              

Head Anatomical Neck Greater Tubercle Lesser Tubercle Shaf Deltoid Tuberosity Surgical Neck Intertubercular Sulcus (Bicipital Groove) Capitulum Trochlear Olecranon Fossa Radial Fossa Coronoid Fossa Medial Epicondyle

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Lateral Epicondyle Supracondylar Ridges

Ulna      

Trochlear Notch Radial Notch Olecranon Process Coronoid Process Head Styloid Process

Radius    

Head Radial Neck Radial Tuberosity Styloid Process

Carpals 

Hook Of The Hamate

Metacarpals    

Base Shaf Head Condyles

Phalanges   

Base Shaf Head

3D = Appendicular Skeleton (Lower Extremity) Hipbone o

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Ilium  Acetabulum  Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)  Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)  Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)  Iliac crest  Anterior Gluteal line  Posterior Gluteal line  Inferior Gluteal line  Greater Sciatic notch  Iliac fossa  Auricular surface Ischium  Ischial tuberosity  Acetabulum  Ischial spine  Lesser Sciatic notch  Ischial tuberosity  Ischial ramus  Obturator foramen  Acetabular notch Pubis  Acetabulum  Inferior pubic ramus  Superior pubic ramus  Body  Pubic tubercle

Pelvis o o o o o

Greater (or “false”) pelvis Lesser (or “true”) pelvis Pelvic inlet (aka Brim) Pelvic outlet Pubic arch

Femur o o o o o o o

Head Neck Shaf (aka body) Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Intertrochanteric crest

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o Fovea o Linea aspera o Medial condyle o Lateral condyle o Medial epicondyle o Lateral epicondyle o Adductor tubercle o Medial supracondylar line o Lateral supracondylar line o Popliteal surface o Patellar surface Tibia o Intercondylar eminence o Medial condyle o Lateral condyle o Tibial tuberosity o Shaf o Anterior border (aka anterior crest) o Soleal line o Medial malleolus o Fibular notch Fibula o Head o Styloid process o Lateral malleolus Tarsal Bones o Calcaneus o Talus o Navicular o Cuboid o Medial Cuneiform (aka first) o Intermediate Cuneiform (aka second) o Lateral Cuneiform (aka third) Metatarsals o First metatarsal  Base  Shaf  Head  Condyles o Second metatarsal  Base  Shaf  Head  Condyles o Third metatarsal  Base

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 Shaf  Head  Condyles o Fourth metatarsal  Base  Shaf  Head  Condyles o Fifh metatarsal  Base  Shaf  Head  Condyles Phalanges o Base o Shaf o Head...