Laporan Praktikum Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air PDF

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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMERIKSAAN KUALITAS AIR Oleh : KELOMPOK : 7 EUIS NOVI SOLIHATI 25010113120082 UMI ALFIANI 25010113120104 ELISA MAHARANI 25010113120112 ACHMAD RIZKI AZHARI 25010113140258 CRISTIN OKTAVIANA G.Y.A 25010113140266 TITI HAPSARI 25010113140357 ILYA FAROKHA RIZQYANA 25010113130387 AGUSTIN...

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Laporan Praktikum Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air Achmad Rizki Azhari

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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMERIKSAAN KUALITAS AIR

Oleh : KELOMPOK : 7 EUIS NOVI SOLIHATI

25010113120082

UMI ALFIANI

25010113120104

ELISA MAHARANI

25010113120112

ACHMAD RIZKI AZHARI

25010113140258

CRISTIN OKTAVIANA G.Y.A

25010113140266

TITI HAPSARI

25010113140357

ILYA FAROKHA RIZQYANA

25010113130387

AGUSTINA RATRI MAHARANI

25010113130416

FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2016

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN 1. Judul Kegiatan

: Praktikum Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air

2. Penyusun

: Kelompok 7

3. Laboratorium/Bagian

: Laboratorium Terpadu FKM Undip/ Bagian Kesehatan Lingkungan

4. Lokasi Kegiatan

: Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro : 16 Mei 2016 – 22 Mei 2016

5. Waktu Kegiatan

Sudah diperiksa isi materi keilmuan dan disetujui. Semarang, 10 Juni 2016

Kepala Laboratorium Bagian Kesehatan Lingkungan/ Laboratorium Kesmas FKM Undip

Dosen Pembimbing/Penguji

Yusniar Hanani Darudianti, STP, M.Kes

Dr.Dra. Sulistiyani, M.Kes.

NIP. 197109091995032001

NIP. 196809111993032013

Menyetujui, Kordinator Laboratorium Terpadu

Ir. Laksmi Widajanti, M.Si NIP. 196608131992032003

ii

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas pembuatan laporan yang berjudul “Praktikum Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air Kesehatan Lingkungan”. Dalam pembuatan makalah ini, praktikan mendapat bantuan dari berbagai pihak, maka pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Dr. Dra. Sulistiyani, M.Kes selaku dosen praktikum yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan memberi fasilitas sehingga laporan ini dapat selesai dengan lancar. 2. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat praktikan sebutkan satu persatu yang membantu pembuatan laporan ini. Semoga laporan praktikum ini bisa bermanfaat bagi pembaca pada umumnya dan praktikan pada khususnya, praktikan menyadari bahwa dalam pembuatan laporan ini masih jauh dari sempurna untuk itu penulis menerima saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun demi perbaikan kearah kesempurnaan. Akhir kata praktikan sampaikan terima kasih.

Semarang, 10 Juni 2016

Praktikan

iii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xii Parameter I BOD BAB I PENDAHULUAN A.Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1 B. Tujuan Praktikum ...................................................................................... 2 C. Manfaat Praktikum .................................................................................... 2 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A.Kualitas Air ................................................................................................ 3 B.Pencemaran Air .......................................................................................... 3 C.BOD (Biologycal Oxygen Demand) ........................................................... 3 D. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi BOD ................................................. 4 E. Dampak Tingginya BOD bagi Kesehatan ................................................. 4 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM A. Waktu Praktikum....................................................................................... 6 B. Tempat Praktikum ..................................................................................... 6 C. Alat ............................................................................................................ 6 D. Bahan ........................................................................................................ 6 E. Teknik Sampling........................................................................................ 7 F. Metode yang Digunakan ............................................................................ 7 G. Skema Kerja .............................................................................................. 7 H. Perhitungan............................................................................................... 10 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 11 A. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................................... 11 B. Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 14 BAB V PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 17 A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 17

iv

v

B. Saran ........................................................................................................ 17 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 18 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 19 Parameter II COD BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 21 A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 27 B. Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 28 C. Manfaat ................................................................................................... 28 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA......................................................................... 29 A. Pengertian COD ...................................................................................... 29 B. Peraturan yang Berkaitan ........................................................................ 29 C. Dampak Bagi Lingkungan dan Kesehatan ............................................. 29 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM ..................................................................... 31 A. Waktu Praktikum .................................................................................... 31 B. Tempat Praktikum ................................................................................... 31 C. Alat .......................................................................................................... 31 D. Bahan....................................................................................................... 31 E. Teknik Sampling ..................................................................................... 31 F. Metode yang Digunakan ......................................................................... 32 G. Prosedur Kerja......................................................................................... 32 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 34 A. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................................... 34 B. Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 34 BAB V PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 37 A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 37 B. Saran ........................................................................................................ 37 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 38 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 39 Parameter III Kesadahan BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang....................................................................................42 B. Tujuan ................................................................................................43 C. Manfaat ..............................................................................................43

vi

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Definisi Air .............................................................................. 44 B. Sumber Air ............................................................................... 44 C. Karakteristik Air ....................................................................... 45 D. Definisi Air Tanah .................................................................... 45 E. Kandungan Air Tanah ............................................................... 45 F. Pengertian Air Sumur Gali ........................................................ 46 G. Pencemaran Air........................................................................... 46 H. Sumber Pencemaran.................................................................... 46 I. Pengertian Kesadahan Air ........................................................... 47 Jenis Kesadahan Air .................................................................. 47 J. Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesadahan Air ................ 48 K. Peraturan yang Berhubungan dengan Kesadahan Air .............. 48 L. Dampak Air Sadah .................................................................... 49 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM A. Alat dan Bahan .......................................................................... 50 B. Skema Kerja Pemeriksaan Kesadahan........................................ 50 C. Perhitungan.................................................................................. 51 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Pengamatan ........................................................................52 B. Pembahasan .................................................................................54 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 56 B. Saran ............................................................................................56 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 57 LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................59

Parameter IV Koagulasi dan Flokulasi BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................... 64 B. Tujuan ........................................................................................ 64 C. Manfaat ...................................................................................... 64

vii

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Pengertian Air................................................................................ . 66 B. Pengertian Pencemaran Air ............................................................ 66 C. Pengertian Koagulasi dan Flokulasi ................................................67 D. Koagulan dan Flokulan ...................................................................67 E. Uji Jar Test ......................................................................................68 F. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi ............................................................68 G. Peraturan terkait Koagulasi Flokulasi ............................................ 69 H. Dampak Koagulasi Flokulasi ......................................................... 70 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM A. Waktu Praktikum ........................................................................... 71 B. Tempat Praktikum ......................................................................... 71 C. Alat .................................................................................................71 D. Bahan ............................................................................................. 71 E. Teknik Sampling ........................................................................... 72 F. Metode yang Digunakan ............................................................... 72 G. Skema Kerja ...................................................................................72 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Pengamatan ..........................................................................75 B. Pembahasan ...................................................................................76 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 79 B. Saran ............................................................................................. 79 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 80 LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... 82

Parameter V Permanganat BAB I PENDAHULUAN A.Latar Belakang.......................................................................................85 B. Tujuan...................................................................................................86 C. Manfaat.................................................................................................86

viii

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Pengertian air........................................................................................87 B. Sumber Air ..........................................................................................87 C. Karakteristik Air................................................................................... 88 D. Pencemaran Air.....................................................................................88 E. Sumber Pencemaran Air........................................................................88 F. Pengertian Permanganat........................................................................ 89 G. Baku Mutu Permanganat.......................................................................89 H. Bahaya Permanganat ............................................................................89 I. Pengertian Permanganometri.................................................................90 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM A. Waktu Praktikum...................................................................................91 B. Tempat Praktikum................................................................................. 91 C. Alat.........................................................................................................91 D. Bahan.....................................................................................................91 E. Teknik Sampling................................................................................... 92 F. Metode yang Digunakan........................................................................92 G. Skema Kerja..........................................................................................92 H. Perhitungan .......................................................................................... 94 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Pengamatan..................................................................................96 B. Pembahasan...........................................................................................96 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan............................................................................................100 B. Saran.......................................................................................................100 Daftar Pustaka...................................................................................................101 Lampiran….......................................................................................................102 Parameter VI Alkalinitas BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................104 A.Latar Belakang........................................................................................104 B. Tujuan Praktikum...................................................................................105

ix

C. Manfaat Praktikum................................................................................. 105 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A.Pengertian Air ........................................................................................ 106 B.Pengertian Pencemaran Air..................................................................... 106 C.Pengertian Alkalinitas............................................................................. 107 D. Metode Pengujian Alkalinitas................................................................ 107 E. Peraturan Terkait Alkalinitas..................................................................108 F. Dampak Kesehatan dan Lingkungan......................................................108 G. Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Pencemaran Alkalinitas...................109 BAB III METODE PRAKTIKUM A. Waktu Praktikum................................................................................... 110 B. Tempat Praktikum................................................................................. 110 C. Alat....................................................................................................... 110 D. Bahan.................................................................................................... 110 E. Teknik Sampling.................................................................................... 110 F. Metode yang Digunakan........................................................................ 111 G. Prosedur Kerja....................................................................................... 111 H. Perhitungan............................................................................................ 112 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN C. Hasil Pengamatan…................................................................................113 D. Pembahasa….......................................................................................... 114 BAB V PENUTUP….........................................................................................119 C. Kesimpulan….........................................................................................119 D. Saran…...................................................................................................119 DAFTAR PUSTAKA….................................................................................... 120 LAMPIRAN…....................................................................................................122 Parameter VII TSS BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 126 A.

Latar Belakang .................................................................................................... 126

B.

Tujuan Praktikum................................................................................................ 126

C.

Manfaat Praktikum...........