Late Antiquity - 2 lectures Dr. Grossman PDF

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2 lectures
Dr. Grossman...

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LATE ANTIQUITY  End of Roman Empire in the West  Dura-Europos- at least 4 religions  SG #1  Figures are 2D, flat, and cartoonish  No consistency with light source  SG #2  ECCLESIA- group of Christian worship  TITULUS- Christian Community House  EDICT OF MILAN (313)- passed by Constantine/ accepted Christianity as a religion  Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome 3rd century  5 levels high and 15 mile long passageways  LOCULUS (loculi)- horizontal cabinets for each body  ARCOSOLIUM- largest niche/ multiple burials  Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome, 3rd century  5 levels high  15 mile long passageways  Cubiculum E Via Latina Catacombs Rome, Italy 4th century  Rich were able to decorate with stucco and fresco  Christian decoration very simple  CUBICULUM- Latin for room  MARTYR- saint who died for their faith  SAINT- any holy person  SG #3  EXEGESIS- prefiguration of Christ  Find predictions of Christ in Old Testament  Stories reinterpreted to tie them with Jesus  Orant- praying figure  Sarcophagus with Philosopher, Orant, and Old and New testament scenes Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome, ca. 270 Marble 1’11 ¼ “x 7’2”  Left head un carved in order to be carved in the likeness of deceased  SG #4  3”10 ½” x 8’  Still borrowing from paganism  New and Old testament scenes  Adam and Eve, sarcophagus of Junius Bassus 359  VATICAN CITY- home of the papacy and Catholic Church  SG #5  CLERESTORY WINDOWS- emitted light into building (invented by the Egyptians)  Functions:  1. Martyrium shrine  remains of St. Peter  2. Funeral hall

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 if you could afford it you could be buried next to or close to St. Peter  3. Pilgrimage site  Exterior always modest  Inside decorated luxuriously  NAVE- main vessel on the center  AISLES- next to the nave  APSE- where the high altar is  TRANSEPT NARTHEX- transitional porch 9between atrium and nave)  ATRIUM- used for catacumin (Christian converts not allowed in building)  In shape of a cross San Paolo fuori le Mura, Rome, Italy 422-432  Survives intact unlike St. Peter’s and Paul  Best surviving Ancient basilica 324-Constantinople founded (became new capital of Eastern Rome) West Capital= Rome →Milan (293-402)→ Ravenna (402-76)  West sinking in importance ends with Late Antiquity 391- Roman Empire bans paganism 394- Olympic games abolished 395- real division between West and East (Theodosius sent son, Honorius to rule West) Alaric(Visigoths)- barbarians in 410 sacked Rome for the 1 st time OSTROGOTHS- “eastern goths”/ German speaking barbarians  First king: Theodoric (Ravenna becomes capital) BYZANTINES Justinian Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425  Above ground structure used by people with money  Exterior undecorated in order to project Christian modesty  St. Lawrence was patron saint SG #6  Jesus with imperial toga  Made out of marble tesserae The Old Farmer of Corycus follo 7 verse of the Vatican Vergil ca. 400-425. Tempera on parchment, 1’½” x 1’  Oldest surviving book  44 folios with 280 full illustrated pages  Only 75 survive with 50 images (3 different artists) ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT- painted book ROTULUS- scroll VELLUM (calfskin)PARCHMENT (lambskin)CODEX/CODICES- book with painted images

 FOLIOS- a page (two-sided)  SCRIPTORIUM- writing workshop  SG #7  11” x 10 ¼ “  Christian gospel (early surviving)  Folio 8 verso (front side of page)  Early image of Christ sets the standard (to be depicted with long brown hair and a beard)  Foreground- below background- above  Separated by a line  Wide arch represent the curve of the apse (theory)  ANNAS- imperial official/ brought forth Jesus for judgment  CAIAPHAS- brought forth Jesus for judgment  BARABBAS- criminal spared and Jesus took his place  Rossano Gospel- all of Matthew and bit of Mark/ Luke and Peter lost  SG #8  3” x 3 7/8 “  Earliest known depiction of the crucifixion  Side of a box (two pieces lost and the other two survive)...