LCA Student Work Book V5(Fall 18) PDF

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LAORATORY WORK BOOK EE-1104: Linear Circuit Analysis

NAME: _________________________________________________ REG NO: _______________________________________________ SECTION: ______________________________________________

Department of Electrical Engineering The University of Lahore

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Table of Contents Experiments

Sr. No.

Page No.

1

Introduction to Laboratory apparatus and components

3

2

Resistance Measurement and Introduction to Multisim

8

3

Ohm’s Law, Current Division and Voltage Division

13

4

Combined Series-Parallel Circuits

21

5

Nodal and Loop Analysis

26

6

Superposition Theorem

33

7

Thevenin’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

38

8

Norton’s Theorem

44

9

Operational Amplifier Circuits

51

10

Designing of Summing and Difference Op-Amp based Circuits (OEL)

56

11

Series and Parallel RL Circuits

61

12

Series and Parallel RC Circuits

67

13

Implementation of phase lead/lag in RL and RC Circuits (OEL)

74

14

Dependent Voltage and Current Sources

81

15

Independent and Dependent Source Transformation

88

16

Thevenin’s Theorem and Maximum Average Power Theorem

94

2|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

1

Laboratory Session#

Introduction to Laboratory apparatus and components 1.1 Equipme Equipment nt

1.2 Proced Procedure ure

3|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 1-1 Digital Multimeter Connection’s

Figure 1-2 Bread Board Internal Connection’s

Figure 1-3 Series and parallel connection od DC Power Supply 4|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

1.3 Questi Questions ons 1.

Show the bred board Configuration with connecting two resistance in the series as well as parallel?

2.

Generate a 5pp Sin(wt) signal OF 50Hz frequency from function generate and show on Oscilloscope?

3.

Demonstrate connections of DMM, while measuring the voltage and current?

5|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

1.4 Hardwa Hardware re and Softwa Software re Simulatio Simulation n Im Images ages

Hardware setup

6|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

7|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

2

Laboratory Session#

Resistance Measurement and Introduction to Multisim 2.1 Equipme Equipment nt

2.2 Proced Procedure ure

8|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

2.3 Obser Observations vations and R Results esults Band Colors

Band 1

Band 2

Band 3

Band 4

Resistor-1 –

Nominal Value (coded)

-

Min-Max Range (coded)

DMM Value

Within Spec (Yes/No)

Table 2.1

Resistor-2 –

Nominal Value (coded)

-

Min-Max Range (coded)

DMM Value

Within Spec (Yes/No)

Table 2.2

Resistor-3 –

Nominal Value (coded)

-

Min-Max Range (coded)

DMM Value

Within Spec (Yes/No)

Table 2.3

Resistor-4 –

Nominal Value (coded)

-

Min-Max Range (coded)

DMM Value

Within Spec (Yes/No)

Table 2.4

9|Page

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104 Color Bands 1

2

3

4

Brown

Black

Blue

Gold

Blue

Gray

Yellow

None

Brown

Gray

Red

None

Red

Yellow

Brown

Gold

Grey

Red

Red

Silver

Green

Blue

Black

None

Numerical Value

Tolerance

Table 2.4

2.4 Questi Questions ons 1. Trace the largest deviation in Tables? Would it ever be possible to find a value that is outside the stated tolerance? Why or why not. `

2. Analyze if the measured values of above Tables represent the exact values of the resistors tested? Why or why not. `

3. Manipulate the given Multisim circuit by changing the value of the resistor and measure the voltage and current? `

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2.5 Hardwa Hardware re and Softwa Software re Simulatio Simulation n Images

Hardware setup

Multisim Software 11 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

3

Laboratory Session#

Ohm’s Law, Voltage Division and Current Division 3.1 Equipme Equipment nt

3.2 Proced Procedure ure

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 3-1 Ohms Law. V =IR Test Circuit. RL = 1kΩ and 2kΩ (nominally)

Figure 3-2 Voltage Divider. Vs = 9.00 Vdc. R1nom = 3.3 kΩ. R2nom = 4.7 kΩ

Figure 3-3 Voltage “Trivider”. Vs = 10.00 Vdc. R1nom = 1 kΩ. R2nom = 2.4 kΩ. R3nom = 5.6 kΩ. 14 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 3-4 Crurent Divider. Vs = 9.00 Vdc. R1 = 1.4-2.5 kΩ. R2 = 3.0-4.8 kΩ.

3.3 Obser Observations vations and R Results esults OHMS LAW RL, actual =

VS (Volt)

VR

IL

P = IV

P = I2R

P = V2/R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 3.1 – V/I Measurements, Power Calculations – RL = 1 kΩ (nominal)

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RL, actual =

VS (Volt)

VR

IL

P = I2R

P = IV

P = V2/R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 3.2- V/I Measurements, Power Calculations – RL = 2 kΩ (nominal) Voltage Divider R1 = R2 = VS = Value Determination

IL

VR1

VR2

Calculated Measured Δ%

Table 3.3– Voltage Divider V/I Measurements and Calculations Voltage Trivider

R1 = ___________________________________ R2 = ___________________________________ R3= ____________________________________ VS =____________________________________

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104 Value Determination

IL

VR1

VR2

VR3

Calculated Measured Δ%

Table 3.4 – Voltage “Trivider” V/I Measurements and Calculations

Current Divider Vs = R1 = R2 = Value Determination

IT

I1

I2

Calculated Measured %

Table 3.4 – Current Divider V/I Measurements and Calculations

3.4 Questio Questions ns 1. How well do these carbon-resistors obey Ohm’s Law? `

2. Sketch and comment on the relationship between current and voltage? `

3. What is the relationship between the slope of the plot line and the circuit resistance? `

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4. Is KVL satisfied in Table 3.3. `

5. Is KCL satisfied in Table 3.4. `

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3.5 Hardwa Hardware re and Softwa Software re Simula Simulation tion Im Images ages

Hardware setup

Multisim Software

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Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

4

Laboratory Session# Combined Series-Parallel Circuits 4.1 Equipme Equipment nt

4.2 Proced Procedure ure

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 4-1

Series-Parallel Circuit. Vs = 10.00 Vdc. R1 = 1.7-2.8 kΩ. R2 = 2.9- 4.8kΩ. R3 = 0.6-1.6 kΩ.

4.3 Obser Observations vations and R Results esults •

Actual Values Vs = R1 = R2 = R3 =

•

Component Values as Measured by the DMM Vs = R1 = R2 = R3 =

Value Determination

VR1

VR2

VR3

I1

I2

I3

Calculated DMM Measured

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104 %

Table 4.1 – Currents and Potentials Value Determination

RT

R1

R2

R3

DMM Measured Calc by V/I %

Table 4.2 – DMM & V/I Resistance Values

4.4 Questi Questions ons 1. Are KVL and KCL satisfied in Table 4.1?

`

2. How would the voltages at A and B in Figure change if a fourth resistor equal to 10 k was added in parallel with R2? What if this resistor was added in series with R2?

`

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4.5 Hardwa Hardware re and Softwa Software re Simulatio Simulation n Images

Hardware setup

Multisim Software

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Generali Generalized zed Lab Rubrics 25 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

5

Laboratory Session# Nodal and Loop Analysis 5.1 Equipme Equipment nt

5.2 Procedu Procedure re

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Figure 5-1 Vs1 = 13V(nominal), Vs2 = 5V (nominal), R1 = 1.4-2.4 kΩ, R2 = 2.9-5.1 kΩ,R3 = 6.5-8 kΩ, R4 = 9.5-16 kΩ, RL = 2.6-3.6 kΩ (3.3 kΩ nominal)

Figure 5-2 . V1 = 13V (nominal), V2 = 5V (nominal), R1 = 1.4-2.4 kΩ, R2 = 2.9-5.1 kΩ, R3 = 6.5-8.8 kΩ, R4 = 9.5-16 kΩ, R5 = 2.6-3.6 kΩ (3.3 kΩ nominal), R6 = 1.4-2.4 kΩ

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

5.3 Observations a and nd Results Nodal Analysis Component Actual-Values by DMM Measurement Vs1 = Vs2 = R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = RL =

Value Determination

V1

V2

VL

Calculated Measured % Table 5.1– Node Voltages: Calculations & DMM-Measurements

Value Determine.

I1

I2

I3

I4

Is1

Is2

IL

Calculated Measured % Table 5.2 – Branch Currents: Calculations & DMM-Measurements Mesh Analysis Component Actual-Values by DMM Measurement V1 = V2 = 28 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R5 = R6 =

Value Determination

Loop 1 Current

Loop 2 Current

Loop 3 Current

Calculated Measured %

Table 5.3– Loop Currents: Calculations & DMM-Measurements

Value Determine.

I1

I2

I3

I4

I5

I6

IV1

IV2

Calculated Measured %

Table 5.4 – Branch Currents: Calculations & DMM-Measurements

5.4 Questions 1. Will the magnitudes of the voltages be the same if one or both sources have an inverted polarity?

`

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104 2. In the circuit of this lab the negative terminals of the sources are connected to ground. Is this a requirement for nodal analysis? Explain your answer

`

3. How does V3 by the Loop Analysis Technique compare to the DMM-Measured value from Table 5.3.

`

4. In general compare Mesh and Nodal Analyses to multisource DC circuits. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Are some circuits better approached with a particular technique? Will each technique enable any particular current or voltage to be found or are there limitations?

`

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

5.5 Hardware and S Software oftware Simulation Im Images ages

Hardware setup

Multisim Software

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

6

Laboratory Session# Superposition Theorem 6.1 Equipme Equipment nt

6.2 Procedure

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 6-1

Figure 6-2

Figure 6-3 34 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

6.3 Observations a and nd Results Values Calculated Measured

I1 (mA)

I2 (mA)

I3 (mA)

Table 6.1

Values Calculated Measured

I1 (mA)

I2 (mA)

I3 (mA)

Table 6.2 Values Calculated Measured

I1 (mA)

I2 (mA)

I3 (mA)

Table 6.3

6.4 Questions 1. Find Ia using superposition principle.

Ia

Figure 6-4

`

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

2. Why is it important to note the polarities of the measured voltages and currents? `

6.5 Hardware and S Software oftware Simulation Im Images ages

Hardware setup and Multisim software 36 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

7

Laboratory Session# Thevenin’s Theorem 7.1 Equipme Equipment nt

7.2 Procedure

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Figure 7-1

Figure 7-2

Figure 7-3 39 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 7-4

7.3 Observations a and nd Results

CALCULATED

MEASURED

VTH

VTH

RTH

RTH Table 7.1

MEASURED CALCULATED ACTUAL CIRCUIT

THEVENIN EQUIVALENT

IL

IL

IL

VL

VL

VL Table 7.2

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

7.4 Questions 1. To what type of circuit Thevenin’s theorem is applicable? `

2. What is the use of Thevenin’s theorem? `

3. How will you calculate the RTH? `

4. In place of current source, what is placed while calculating RTH? `

5. In place of voltage source which electrical parameters is placed? `

41 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

7.5 Hardware and S Software oftware Simulation Im Images ages

Hardware setup

Multisim Software

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

8

Laboratory Session#

Norton’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 8.1 Equipme Equipment nt

8.2 Proced Procedure ure

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 8-1

Figure 8-2

Figure 8-3 45 | P a g e

Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

Figure 8-4

8.3 Obser Observations vations and R Results esults

CALCULATED

MEASURED

IS

IS

RTH

RTH Table 8.1 MEASURED

CALCULATED ACTUAL CIRCUIT

NORTON’S EQUIVALENT

IL

IL

IL

VL

VL

VL Table 8.2

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104 RL

VL

PL

PT

efficiency

0 100 200 300 Actual= 400 600 800 1000

Table 8.3

8.4 Questi Questions ons 1. To what type of network Norton’s theorem applicable? `

2. How is RN connected to IN? `

3. At what point does maximum load power occur? `

4. At what point does maximum total power occur?

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

`

5. What is load matching? `

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

8.5

Hardware an and d Software Simulatio Simulation n Images

Hardware setup

Multisim Software

49 | P a g e

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Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

9

Laboratory Session# Operational Amplifier Circuits 10.1 Equipme Equipment nt

10.2 Procedure

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Figure 9-1

Figure 9-2

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

10.3 Observations a and nd Results

Table 9.1 – Vout of Inverting and Non-inverting Configuration

10.4 Questions 1. Inquire the loading effect in Op-Amp based circuit?

`

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

2. Compare phase differences between input and output voltage in case of inverting and non-inverting configuration?

`

10.5 Hardware and S Software oftware Sim Simulation ulation Image Images s

Hardware setup and Multisim software 54 | P a g e

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Generali Generalized zed Lab Ru Rubrics brics

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

10

Laboratory Session#

Designing of Summing and Difference Op-Amp based Circuits (Open Ended Lab) 11.1 Equipme Equipment nt

11.2 Procedure

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Figure 10-1

Figure 10-2

11.3 Observations a and nd Results

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Linear Circuit Analysis EE-01104

11.4 Questions 1. Change the gain and identify the effects on output for both summing and difference amplifier. `

2. Implement the Vout=3Sin(wt)-2Cos(wt) by using difference amplifier and Summing Amplifier and identify the difference.? `

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11.5 Hardware and S Software oftware Simulation Im Images ages

Hardware setup and Multisim software

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Linear Cir...