Lecture 5- Ethics PDF

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Summary

desensitizing and dehoaxing...

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May 30th 2019 Thursday, May 30, 2019

6:03 PM

Lecture 4 Ch 2. • Sometimes an experiment wont yield useful data unless the researcher practices Deception: • Participants are misled about the objective of the study (ACTIVE), or receive incomplete disclosure (passive deception) • May be necessary to ensure "natural" behavior, and prevent demand characteristics (participants bias based on perception of the purpose or hypotheses of the study) • Only done if deemed necessary by the researcher and approved by IRB "VICTIM OF LIAR" The Milgram misconduct: • Most famous: "Milgram Experiment" ○ Told participants he was testing the effect of punishment on learning behavior • Problems? ○ Not clear to participants that they could withdraw ○ Extreme stress • Milgram: deception… Debriefing • The researcher has responsibility to the participant even after they've finished the experiment! • Debriefing: information participants of the purpose of the study, and answer any questions • Partial debriefing: may be used of participant cross- talk is a concern (most typical when deception has been used) ○ Can offer a full debriefing after all data have been collected WHY? § Information leaked Main purposes of Debriefing

DEHOAXING: • Reveal objective of study • Reveal hypotheses DESENSITIZING • Attempt to reduce stress or negative affects Prison Experiment • Once in the prison environment, could participants decide objectively whether to continue? ○ Zimbardo felt like a prison warden Ethics in Animal studies 1. To answer questions that would be impossible or impractical to investigate using humans (ethical reasons) 2. Animal can serve as highly controlled models for humans and other animals 3. To learn more about the animals themselves (Veterinary medicine, pursuit of general knowledge and understanding, psychological needs) and their relationships with humans Arguments AGAINTS Animal Research 1. Animals feel PAIN and their lives can be destroyed, just like humans a. ARE ANIMALS CONSCIOUS 2. Destroying or harming any living thing is dehumanizing to the human scientist 3. Claims about scientist progress being helped by SPEICISM •

Development of life-saving medical procedures, pharmaceuticals and even psychological

Guidelines for conducting animal research • There are ethical standards for the use of animals Animal research at SFU is approved by an UACC- University Animal Care Committee • The UACC is composed of 11+ members, including: ○ A veterinarian ○ 3+ SFU faculty scientist experienced in animal research ○ A person whose primary concerns are in a nonscientific area ○ Employees involved in animal care Main Types of Fraud in Research • Plagiarism: taking the ork or ideas of another person and presenting them as

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Plagiarism: taking the work or ideas of another person and presenting them as ones own ○ Research report Falsifying Data: Changing, omitting or making up data to alter the outcome of the study ○ Or, the outcome of an entire study could be concealed if the results

Is the "system" to blame ? IV !!!!! Slide is the end...