Lecture notes, Bony Landmarks, Muscular Compartments for Unit 3: Upper Extremity PDF

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- - merged files: Bony Landmarks of Upper.pdf - Muscular Compartments Unit 3.pdf - Bony Landmarks.pdf...

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1

Bony Landmarks

Your Job: 1. For each of the following landmarks you will need to explain where to find them and what their purpose/function is. In most cases bony landmarks are points of attachment (POA) for other structures such as muscle, tendon and ligament. Sometimes they are part of a joint surface. Use anatomic terminology when describing location, include a description of the shape if it is unique, and use the examples below to guide you. 2. Landmarks will be tested on exams.

Conoid tubercle

Capitulum - humerus

Trapezoid line

Trochlea - humerus

Spine of scapula (+ root of the spine)

Radial tuberosity

Superior angle of scapula

Ulnar tuberosity

Inferior angle of scapula

Coronoid process

Medial (vertebral) border of scapula

Olecranon process

Lateral border of scapula

Head of radius

Acromion process

Head of ulna

Coracoid process

Styloid process of radius

Glenoid fossa

Styloid process of ulna

Greater tuberosity – humerus

Hook of hamate

Lesser tuberosity – humerus

Tubercle of trapezium

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Dept. Kinesiology, McMaster University

KIN 2E03, Fall 2014

Muscular Compartments for Unit 3: Upper Extremity Muscles of the Scapula • Trapezius* • Levator Scapula* • Rhomboid Major • Rhomboid Minor • Pectoralis Minor • Serratus Anterior Notes: Trapezius consists of three distinct parts; the upper, middle and lower (or descending, transverse, and ascending in your text). Levator scapula and trapezius are both muscles of the cervical spine as well as muscles of the shoulder girdle. Rotator Cuff and Deltoid* Note: the rotator cuff consists of the first four muscles listed below; the deltoid is NOT a rotator cuff muscle. The deltoid is subdivided into three distinct groups: anterior, middle and posterior (or clavicular, acromial, and spinal in your text). • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis • Deltoid (three heads)* Muscles of the Axilla* Note: the term “axilla” refers to the armpit. These four muscles form the front and back walls of the armpit. • Pectoralis Major • Coracobrachialis • Latissimus Dorsi • Teres Major

KIN 2E03

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Fall 2014

Anterior Compartment Arm* Note: the term “arm” refers to the humerus and the surrounding tissues. This is the region above the elbow and below the shoulder. • Biceps Brachii • Brachialis Posterior Compartment Arm • Triceps Brachii • Anconeus

Superficial Anterior Compartment Forearm* Note: the term “forearm” refers to the radius and ulna and their surrounding tissues. This includes the region below the elbow and above the wrist. • Pronator Teres • Flexor Carpi Radialis • Palmaris Longus • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Deep Anterior Compartment Forearm • Flexor Digitorum Profundus • Flexor Pollicis Longus • Pronator Quadratus

Superficial Posterior Compartment Forearm • Extensor Digitorum • Extensor Ulnaris • Extensor Digiti Minimi

KIN 2E03

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Fall 2014

Deep Posterior Compartment Forearm • Supinator • Abductor Pollicis Longus • Extensor Pollicis Longus • Extensor Pollicis Brevis • Extensor Indicis Radialis Compartment Forearm • Brachioradialis* • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Note: Brachioradialis is located in the radialis compartment, but primarily works with the anterior compartment of the arm (elbow flexors). The two extensors in this compartment work primarily with the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm (wrist extensors). Thenar Compartment Hand Note: the term “thenar” refers to the thumb. • Flexor pollicis brevis • Opponens pollicis • Abductor pollicis brevis • Adductor pollicis Hypothenar Compartment of Hand Note: the term “hypothenar” refers to the 5th finger (digiti minimi). • Flexor digiti minimi • Opponens digiti minimi • Abductor digiti minimi Intrinsics of Hand: Metacarpals • Lumbricals • Dorsal Interossei and Palmar Interossei KIN 2E03

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Fall 2014

1

Bony Landmarks

Your Job: 1. For each of the following landmarks you will need to explain where to find them and what their purpose/function is. In most cases bony landmarks are points of attachment (POA) for other structures such as muscle, tendon and ligament. Sometimes they are part of a joint surface. Use anatomic terminology when describing location, include a description of the shape if it is unique, and use the examples below to guide you. Examples: • The head of the femur is found at the proximal end of the femur and is round in shape. It is a joint surface for the hip. • The Calcaneal tuberosity is a POA for the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia/aponeurosis. It is on the posterior and inferior aspect of the calcaneus. 2. Each week you will be responsible for knowing where the relevant landmarks are before we begin. We will be using them in lectures and practical classes in reference to other material. Check each list below to find out approximately which week(s) of material it is relevant for. 3. Landmarks will be tested on exams.

Foot (weeks 1 and 2) !

Talus: neck

!

Talus: posterior process

!

Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

!

Navicular tuberosity

!

Calcaneal tuberosity

!

Sustentaculum Tali of Calcaneus

Dept. Kinesiology, McMaster University

KIN 2E03, Fall 2014

2 Tibia and Fibula (weeks 1 to 3) !

Tibial condyles (medial and lateral)

!

Tibial plateau

!

Intercondylar areas

!

Tibial tuberosity

!

Head of fibula

!

Medial malleolus

!

Lateral malleolus

Femur (weeks 3 to 5) !

Head

!

Greater trochanter

!

Lesser trochanter

!

Intertrochanteric line

!

Gluteal tuberosity

!

Linea aspera

!

Femoral condyles (medial and lateral)

Ilium, Ischium and Pubis (weeks 3 to 5) !

Anterior superior iliac spine

!

Anterior inferior iliac spine

!

Iliac crest

!

Posterior superior iliac spine

!

Posterior inferior iliac spine

This list continues on the next page.

Dept. Kinesiology, McMaster University

KIN 2E03, Fall 2014

3

Ilium, Ischium and Pubis (weeks 3 to 5) !

Ischial tuberosity

!

Ischial spine

!

Acetabulum

!

Obturator foramen

!

Superior pubic ramus

!

Inferior pubic ramus

Dept. Kinesiology, McMaster University

KIN 2E03, Fall 2014...