Lecture notes, lecture 5 - Indepth notes for final, with table for practical component PDF

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indepth notes for final, with table for practical component...

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Injury to the Head and Face BRAIN INJURY CLASSIFICATION -

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Cerebral concussions – very common Mild head injury (MHI) –fairly uncommon Unable to repair itself Damage often permanent 20% of athletes suffer a concussion/year 145 000 reported cases/year

DEFINITION OF CONCUSSION -

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Linear – most common Depressed – very forceful blow

GLASCOW COMA SCALE -

The lower the score, the more severe the concussion More objective Injury

Rapid onset, short lived symptoms

GRADUATED RTP PROTOCOL

2 TYPES OF FRACTURES -

Best eye response Best verbal response Best motor response

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No activity  recovery Light aerobic exercise  increase HR Sport specific exercise  add movement Non-contact training drills  exercise, coordination, and cognitive load  progressive resistance training Full contact practice  restore confidence and assess functional skills by coaching staff Return to play

Etiology

S&S

Skull injury

Blunt trauma

Headache Nausea Palpable defect

Concussion

Direct blow to the head or elsewhere creating enough force to be transmitted through the head

Facial Fractures

Direct blow

Somatic, cognitive, and emotional symptoms Physical signs Behavioral changes Cognitive impairment Sleep disturbance Depression Pain Swelling Discoloration Deformity Swelling Malocclusion – in ability to close jaw TMJ dislocation – lock jaw

Mandibular Fracture

Management Fractured basilar or ethmoid bones – leakage of CSF Battle sign – ecchymosis at mastoid process Raccoon eyes Graduated RTP Protocol 4 hours per set ( 1 full week) If recurrence of symptoms at any step, individual returns to precious asymptomatic step for 24hrs

Deformity Swelling Bleeding Deformity Intruded Extruded

Zygomatic Fracture Dental Injuries

Auricular Hematoma aka Cauliflower Ear

Eye Injuries

Orbital Fractures

Nasal Injuries

Skin Injuries

Onset – acute or chronic pain trauma or constant pressure Direct blow Abrasion and penetration Hyphema – bleeding in anterior portion of the eye Blow out – medial or floor, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxilla Blow up – less common, orbital roof Ball, elbow, blunt object Direct blow

Abrasion Laceration Incision

Redness Swelling Deformity

Deformity Sunken eye Medially displaced Inability to look up Pain Epistaxis Swelling Raccoon eyes

Do not handle Wear glove Wash with saline Reimplant if possible Store in cold milk Transport to dentist within 30 minutes Ice Referral

Most common nasal facial fracture Direct pressure to stop bleeding Ice Return to play with gauze if bleeding did not stop First aid Refer for stitches...