LINA01 Quizzes Prep PDF

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The answers of the quizzes I took in LINA01 2020....

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LINA01 QUIZZES QUIZ #1: Morphology (p. 1-13) Question 1 Which of the following is a characteristic of grammar?

Logicality

Formality Correct! Mutability

Accessibility

Question 2 Linguists consider grammar to exist independently of the human mind.

True Correct! False

Question 3 The unconscious knowledge of what can and cannot be said in your native language is called:

your linguistic performance.

your linguistic ability.

1

your linguistic capacity. Correct! your linguistic competence.

Question 4 Some forms of English are better than others.

True Correct! False Linguists consider all language varieties to be equal.

Question 5 The grammaticality of a speaker's use of a language does not depend on whether they use prescriptive rules during speech. Correct! True

False Even if a speaker does not follow prescriptive rules, their language may still be descriptively grammatical.

Question 6 A grammar is a complex system of rules that governs how native speakers should organize sounds into words and words into sentences.

True Correct!

2

False A grammar simply describes how native speakers speak, and not how they "should" speak.

Question 7 Which of the following is a prescriptive statement about English grammar?

All sentences have subjects. Correct Answer Sentences must not end in a preposition.

Nouns inflect for plural. You Answered None of the above. Directives such as "must" indicate a prescriptive approach.

Question 8 A single allomorph is always pronounced the same. Correct Answer True You Answered False

Question 9 An inflectional affix augments its base with grammatical information. Correct! True

3

False

Question 10 Both derivational and inflectional morphemes have rules regarding the grammatical category of the base they attach to. Correct! True

False

Question 11 Which of the following is the correct way to represent the bound morpheme 're' in retrace?

re

re-

-re

-re-

any of the above

Question 12 Affixes do not belong to a lexical category (i.e. Noun, Verb, etc.). Correct! True 4

False

Question 13 In English, all derivational morphemes are suffixes.

True Correct! False Some derivational morphemes in English are prefixes and some are suffixes.

Question 14 Which of the following is a derivational suffix?

'-er' in 'flower'

'-er' in 'laser' '-er' in 'bigger' Correct! '-er' in 'disclaimer'

Question 15 How many derivational affixes are there in the following sentence? Although he was wealthy, he was unhappy. Correct! 2

3

5

4

There are no derivational affixes in the sentence.

Question 16 The last morpheme of the word "renovators" is inflectional. Correct! True

False

Question 17 Which of the following words contains exactly four (4) morphemes? Correct! mothers-in-law

activism

faithfulness

dictionary

Question 18 The word "unprecedented" contains 3 morphemes. You Answered True

6

Correct Answer False The word breaks down into un- precede -ent -ed.

Question 19 What are the affixes in the word “informalities”? Correct Answer in-, -al, -ity, -s

inYou Answered in-, -ity, -s

-ity, -s

Question 20 How many morphemes are there in "presymptomatic"? (Note: disregard bound roots)

2 Correct! 3

4

5

7

Question 1 Which of the following is not a subfield of linguistics?

syntax

morphology Correct! sociology

phonology

phonetics

Question 3 Linguists use an asterisk ('*') to the left of a sentence/string of words to indicate that it is ungrammatical to native speakers of that language.

True

False

Question 4 Speakers of English may judge one form of English as better than another. Correct Answer True You Answered False

8

Although linguists consider all language varieties to be equal, individual English speakers might have a prescriptivist attitude to language and judge some forms of English to be better than another.

Question 5 Which of the following statements is true?

Descriptivism means that people can say anything they want, using any structure, and linguists would think that is okay.

Everyone should aim to speak using the prescriptive rules of their language.

In English, you can't use a preposition at the end of a sentence. Both prescriptive and descriptive grammar consist of a system of rules.

Question 6 A grammar is a complex system of rules that governs how native speakers should organize sounds into words and words into sentences.

True Correct! False A grammar simply describes how native speakers speak, and not how they "should" speak.

Question 7 Which of the following is a prescriptive statement about English grammar?

All sentences have subjects. Correct! Sentences must not end in a preposition. 9

Nouns inflect for plural.

None of the above. Directives such as "must" indicate a prescriptive approach.

Question 8 Inflectional suffixes can sometimes change the basic meaning of a word, depending on which suffix is used.

True Correct! False

Question 11 Which of the following best describes an allomorph?

The abstract representation of a morpheme.

The most correct pronunciation of a morpheme.

An unusual pronunciation of a morpheme. Correct! A variant or a specific pronunciation of a morpheme.

Question 13 The English words lens, Jen’s, and cats contain the same morpheme.

True 10

False "lens" is a single morpheme and does not have a suffix; the "s" at the end of "Jen's" is possessive and therefore is a different morpheme with a different meaning than the "s" at the end of "cats", which is plural.

Question 14 The word digitizes contains one inflectional suffix and one derivational suffix.

True

False

Question 15 How many inflectional affixes are there in the following sentence? This afternoon, Mila arrives. Correct! 1

2

3

There are no inflectional affixes in the sentence.

Question 16 How many inflectional affixes are there in the following sentence? Every day, he sits by the pond feeding the ducks.

1 11

2 Correct! 3

There are no inflectional affixes in the sentence.

Question 17 Identify all of the affixes in the word “unceremoniously”.

un-, -y, -ous, -ly Correct! un-, -ous, -ly

un-, -ly

None of the above

Question 18 Identify all of the free and bound morphemes in the word “unexplainable”. Correct!

Free morpheme: explain Bound morphemes: un-, -able

Free morpheme: explainable Bound morpheme: un-

12

Free morpheme: plain Bound morphemes: un-, ex-, -able None of the above

Question 20 Which set of words includes affixes that are used to derive verbs from words belonging to other lexical categories?

metallic, container You Answered dancing, compressed Correct Answer symbolization, intensified

lately, ability "symbolization" includes the suffix -ize which made the intermediate base "symbolize", while "intensified" includes the suffix -ify which made the intermediate base "intensify"

QUIZ #2: Morphology and Syntax (p. 13-33) Question 1 In which of the following words does the prefix re- attach last?

renewal

refreshed

retouching

13

refurbish Re- is the only affix in 'refurbish', so it is automatically the last attachment. In the other three words, re- attaches to the root first and the respective suffix attaches later.

Question 2 If you were to draw the morphological structure tree for reactivism, one of the bases would be labelled N(oun).

True Correct! False The bases for reactivism are: 'act' (V); 'react' (V); and 'reactive' (Adj). Although the full word 'reactivism' is a Noun, it is not a base for an affix.

Question 3 In the compound lipstick, the stress falls on the rightmost element (as in lipstick, not lipstick).

True Correct! False Remember that stress typically falls on the first element in a compound word in English.

Question 4 Every English word with the prefix un- is structurally ambiguous.

True orrect! False 14

Although the interpretation of the prefix un- frequently leads to structural ambiguity, words with the prefix un- are not necessarily structurally ambiguous. For example, in the word 'unhappy', there is no structural ambiguity because un- is the only affix in the word.

Question 5 The following imaginary language Xono uses affixation to create the past participle form of the verb: ixleb

'eat’

ixgoleb

'eaten’

What type of affix does Xono use to mark the past participle?

Prefix

Suffix Correct! Infix

Circumfix

Question 6 Which of the following words was formed by clipping?

edit from editor Correct! bro from brother

televise from television 15

burgle from burglar

enthuse from enthusiasm All others were formed by backformation.

Question 7 The process by which the verb co-vary is formed from the noun covariation (which historically appeared before co-vary) is referred to as:

Clipping Correct! Back formation

Blending

Affixation

Question 8 The word football was formed by the word formation process blending.

True

False "Football" was formed through the process of compounding.

Question 9 The contrast between the present tense sink and the past tense sank in English is an example of:

16

Zero derivation

Affixation

Suppletion

Internal Change

Question 10 Choose the most accurate statement about the words uninvited and disinvited in the following sentence. I never sent an invitation to Patricia, so she is an uninvited guest; I withdrew the invitation to Frank, so he is a disinvited guest.

The tree in (i) is the correct structure for both words.

The tree in (iii) is the correct structure for both words. Correct Answer The tree in (i) is for uninvited, and the tree in (ii) is for disinvited.

The tree in (iii) is for uninvited, and the tree in (iv) is for disinvited.

17

The tree in (ii) is for uninvited, and the tree in (iii) is for disinvited.

Question 11 Choose the morphological tree that best represents the word resolidify.

18

Question 12 Which of the following morphological trees best represents unbreakable?

Both a and c

None of the above

Question 13 What is the morphological evidence that the underlined nonce word in the following sentence is an adjective? My neighbor feeds my very infelinous cat without my permission.

19

The suffix -ous creates an adjective from a noun.

The word is modified by the degree word "very", and is found between the determiner "my" and its corresponding noun "cat".

The prefix in- attaches to an adjective and does not change the category of the base. Correct Answer Both (a) and (c) You Answered All of the above. Either of the affixes can be used as morphological evidence that the word is an adjective. However, the word's position in the sentence is syntactic evidence rather than morphological evidence.

Question 14 In the sentence ‘He is very excited.’, excited is acting as a verb.

True Correct! False "excited" is acting as an adjective in the sentence.

Question 15 What is the category of the underlined nonce word? The gulge has a very sparge metern. Correct! Adjective 20

Adverb

Noun

Preposition

Verb The nonce word appears between a Determiner and a Noun, and it is modified by a Degree word. This is all syntactic evidence to suggest that the word is an adjective.

Question 16 What is the syntactic evidence that the underlined nonce word in the following sentence is a verb? The dog discaninified on the lawn.

The prefix dis- typically attaches a verb and does not change the category of the base.

The suffix -ify turns its base into a verb. Correct Answer The word is preceded by the subject NP.

The inflectional suffix -ed only attaches to verbs. You Answered All of the above

21

This is the only syntactic evidence. The rest is all morphological evidence.

Question 17 What is the subject of the following sentence? The garbage can hit a person when thrown out of the window.

The garbage You Answered The garbage can

A person Correct Answer Either (a) or (b)

None of the above The sentence is ambiguous: (1) it is the garbage that can hit a person when thrown out of the window or (2) it was the garbage can that hit a person when thrown out of the window.

Question 18 What is the subject of the following sentence? The idea that what happiness is is just to be grateful is confusing to me.

the idea

the idea that what happiness is Correct! the idea that what happiness is is just to be grateful 22

that what happiness is

that what happiness is is just to be grateful

Question 19 What is the subject of the following sentence? The guy playing the piano in the music room located near the cafeteria sneezed.

The guy

The guy playing the piano

The guy playing the piano in the music room Correct! The guy playing the piano in the music room located near the cafeteria

the piano in the music room "located near the cafeteria" is modifying "room", so it should be part of the subject NP.

Question 20 What is the predicate of the following sentence? Fortune favors the bold.

fortune

fortune favors 23

Correct! favors the bold

the bold

Question 1 In the word personification, the suffix -ate attaches to the base personify (V.) before the suffix -ion attaches to form the word personification (N.).

True Correct! False -ate is not a morpheme in this word; we know this because 'personificate' or 'personifate' are not words in English. Personify is already a verb, so ate cannot attach to it since -ate only attaches to adjectives (e.g. active+ate).

Question 2 1 / 1 pts When creating words, inflectional affixes are always attached last, after any derivational affixes have already been attached.

True

False For example, in the word 'ex-teachers', we attach the derivational prefix ex- to teacher and make ex-teacher first. Only then do we add the inflectional suffix -s.

Question 3 Which part of the compound word toothbrush bears stress?

tooth 24

brush

Both tooth and brush bear equal stress.

Neither tooth nor brush bear stress. Remember that stress typically falls on the first element in a compound word in English.

Question 5 1 / 1 pts Consider the following Polish examples: to be doing robić (to do continuously) to do zrobić (to complete doing) What kind of affix does Polish use to denote a completed action?

Suffix

Cicrumfix

Infix Correct! Prefix

25

Question 6 Deoxyribonucleic acid → DNA (pronounced dee-en-ay) is an example of which word formation process? You Answered Acronym Correct Answer Abbreviation

Eponymy

Blending

Question 7 Gasoline

→ gas is an example of which word formation process?

Back formation

Derivation

Coinage Correct! Clipping

Question 8 If bartend (V) came from removing the hypothesized suffix er from bartender (N), then bartend was formed by a process of clipping.

26

True

False It was formed by a process of backformation.

Question 10 Which of the following morphological trees best represents the word computational? Correct!

27

Question 11 The following tree is a possible representation of disengagement.

True False

Question 12 Choose the morphological tree that best represents the word resolidify.

28

Correct!

Question 13 Which of the following is not a functional category?

Auxiliaries

Degree Words Correct! Prepositions

Determiners

29

Prepositions are a lexical category.

Question 14 How many of the words in the following sentence are lexical words (i.e. words of a lexical category as opposed to a functional category)? The clerk has sold many books of poetry today.

4

5 Correct! 6

7 The lexical words are "clerk", "sold", "books", "of", "poetry", and "today".

Question 15 How many adjectives are there in the following sentence? Louise’s favourite holiday is Halloween because she gets to dress in spooky costumes and enjoy endless amounts of sweet candy.

2

3 Correct! 4

5

30

6 favourite, spooky, endless, sweet

Question 16 How many nouns are there in the following sentence? My yoga class was overflowing with way more registrants than the teaching team had expected for a Sunday morning.

2

3 Correct Answer 4

5

6 The nouns are: "class", "registrants", "team", and "morning". Several other words in this sentence seem like nouns but the function as adjectives (e.g. "yoga", "teaching", or "Sunday".

Question 17 Identify the subject of the following sentence The fact that you didn’t answer the question surprised us.

The fact

You 31

That you didn’t answer the question The fact that you didn’t answer the question

Question 18 What is the subject of the following sentence? Mirrors and copulation are abominable.

mirrors Correct! mirrors and copulation

copulation

abominable

Question 19 Identify the subject of the following sentence. Both Alice and her brother spoke to the judge.

Alice

Her brother

Alice and her brother Correct! Both Alice and her brother 32

Both

Question 20 What is the predicate of the following sentence? "By the prickling of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes." Correct! this way comes by the prickling of my thumbs

something wicked this way comes

comes by the prickling of my thumbs

wicked this way Once you remove the subject (in this case "something wicked"), everything else is the predicate.

QUIZ #3: Syntax and Phonetics (p. 33-50) Question 1 True or false? The tree below correctly represents the structure of the following sentence: A doctor will arrive soon.

Correct! 33

T...