Linguistics 201 - Instructor: Jordan Sandoval PDF

Preview

Summary

Instructor: Jordan Sandoval...

Description

What is language: Sounds, actions/signs(ASL), humans, mouths, thoughts, culture cultivation and transmission, changing/developing overtime, agreed upon set of rules, symbols, slang, code switching between language, flexibility, communication Chapter 1 The six characteristics of language” 1. Semanticity: signs that connect to meaning a. Pets and their owners essentially agreeing that certain actions mean certain things like”I am hungry” 2. Arbitrariness: A connection between a meaning and a word 3. Displacement 4. Discreteness 5. Productivity 6. Duality of Patterning: Native Speaker Intuition: The unconscious knowledge that we have our native language. Our knowledge of language that we don't know that we know. Grammar: ● Prescriptive approach to grammar: tells you what you should do ● Descriptive approach to grammar: describes what you actually do Components of Grammar: Inventory of sounds in language/Sounds and its domain of inquiry is called Phonetics Rules about how sounds are combined/Organization of sounds is called Phonology Word formation/The study of the internal structure of words (what are words made up of) is called Morphology Rules of sentence forming/The arrangement of words to create sentences is called Syntax Rules that govern The meaning of speakers is called Pragmatics Universal Grammar and Capital L Language

Isogloss: a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features - What do you call soda? - Worshington - Bay-gull instead of bag-ell for bagel’s - Vowels show up in front of velars - Front vowels get more intense in front of velar sounds - These are PRAGMATIC DIFFERENCES The california vowel shift is happening in cali (CVS) characterized by low front vowels, backing, and mid and high back vowels fronting. This means that the words crazy might sound like creh-zeh instead of cray-zee

Code switching is something that bilingual people do, its very common in spanglish. Incompetent switching is what you do when you are learning a native langauge and you substitute a word from your native langauege into what you are saying in the langauega you are learning Idiolect; your distinct way of speaking Language variants & Age - Kids have higher pitched voices, choice of vocabulary or lexical items (simpler words), kids tend to take a while to say what they actually mean (disfluencies in speech), kids don't typically do clauses within clauses - Old people , can ramble & hold a long conversation, certain expressions that used to be popular but aren't now (down yonder - this is lexical choice) - Our age - how complexly you speak, a lack of formality - Women use more color terms than men - Men were said to talk about different topics than women (sports and cars) - Prescriptively correct language is found more often in women's language - Gender inclusive language vs gender exclusive language Documentary notes: - Every child has an inherent urge to learn a language - As many as 6,000 languages in the world - 3000 of these are likely to disappear in the next hundred? Years - Australia has lost 95% of its linguistic heritage. This is the worst case. Even in the US, there are still many native american languages still in use. - The result of the colonization of australia was very similar to that of south america. Only 70 languages are left there now. - Whites wanted to obliterate the natives language and their sense of identity. Language is what encapsules their culture and history. - World foundation of the death represents 70 million people worldwide, there are many different sign languages,...