Linguistics Homework 7 PDF

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Homework from Professor Matt Barros' introduction to Linguistics course....

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Exercises 37 and 38 on pages 143 and 144 at the end of Chapter 3 Chapter 4 #2 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l)

Cats: morphemes = cat, s; cat = free, s = bound; s = inflectional Unhappy: morphemes = un, happy; un = bound, happy = free; un = prefix Rejoin: morphemes = re, join; re = bound, join = free; re = prefix Catsup: morphemes = cat, sup; cat = free, sup = bound Milder: mild, er; mild = free, er = bound; er = suffix, inflectional Hateful: hate, ful; hate= free, ful = bound; ful = suffix, derivational Succotash: succo, tash; succo = bound, tash = bound Bicycle: bi, cycle; bi = bound, cycle = free; bi = prefix, inflectional Greedy: greed, y; greed = free, y = bound; y = suffix, derivational Entrust: en, trust; en = bound, trust = free; en = prefix, derivational Signpost: sign, post; sign = free, post = free Spacious: spacious = free

#3 a) Comfortable: comfort, able; comfort = free, able = bound; able = suffix, derivational b) Massachusetts: Massachusetts; free c) Environmentally: environment, ally; environment = free, ally = bound; ally = suffix, derivational d) Reconditioned: re, condition, ed; re = bound, condition = free, ed = bound; re = prefix, inflectional; ed = suffix, inflectional e) Unidirectional: uni, direction, al; uni = bound, direction = free, al = bound; uni = prefix, inflectional; al = suffix, derivational f) Senseless: sense, less; sense = free, less = free; less = suffix, derivational g) Thickeners: thick, ener, s; thick = free, ener = bound, s = bound; ener = suffix, derivational; s = inflectional h) Nationalization: national, ization; national = free, ization = bound; ization = suffix, derivational i) Unspeakably: un, speak, ably; un = bound, speak = free, ably = bound; un = prefix, inflectional; ably = suffix, derivational

#4 Two words have same morphological structure/one has diff. Suffix from those two/one has no suffix at all → meaning of each suffix a) Nicer = -er is an inflectional suffix marking the comparative Painter = -er is a derivational suffix meaning “one who…” Runner = This is the same -er as in “painter.” Feather = no suffix b) Clocks = -s is an inflectional suffix which pluralizes a word Nick’s = - ‘s is a derivational suffix making a noun a possessive adjective Hearts = same -s as in “clocks” Glass = no suffix c) Friendly = -ly is a derivational suffix which makes “friend” an adjective Sadly = -ly is an inflectional suffix which is used to further qualify adjectives Softly = this -ly is the same as in “sadly” Silly = no suffix d) Sons = -s is an inflectional suffixes which pluralizes a word Lens = no suffix Vans = same -s as in “sons” Runs = -s is an inflectional suffix which puts a verb in action e) Youngster = -ster is a derivational suffix which means a member of a group of the preceding content morpheme Faster = -er is an inflectional suffix marking the comparative Monster = no suffix Gangster = same -ster as in “youngster” f) Wrestling = -ling is an inflectional suffix that signifies the act of doing the verb in question Handling = same -ling as in “wrestling”

Fling = no suffix Duckling = -ling is an inflectional suffix that means the smaller version of something g) Nifty = no suffix Ducky = the inflectional suffix -y is commonly used in an endearing, childish way with some nouns Thrifty = -y is a derivational suffix that turns a noun into an adjective Lucky = same -y as in “thrifty” h) Given = -n is an inflectional suffix that puts the word into the past tense Maven = no suffix Wooden = -en is an inflectional suffix that further qualifies the adjective Taken = same -n as in “given”

#5 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

[ɔtəm]/[ɔtəmnʌl] - allomorphs [hɪm]/[hɪmnəl] - allomorphs [dæm]/[dæmneɪʃən] - allomorphs [kəndɛm]/[kɒndɛmneɪʃən] - allomorphs [dɪvaɪd]/[dɪvɪzɪbəɫ] - not allomorphs [pɹəfeɪn]/[pɹəfænɪti] - not allomorphs [sʌɹin]/[sʌɹenɪti] - allomorphs [ɹɪsiv]/[ɹɪseptɪv] - not allomorphs

#6 Embiggens: I. em, bigg, ens II. em = bound; means putting something into something/infusing within something Bigg = free if not for the extra “g,” so bound; means large Ens = bound; puts something into motion/action

Introubleating: I. II.

In, trouble, ating In = free; means within or embedded inside

Trouble = free; means difficulty or issue Ating = bound; means putting into action

Chapter 3 #37 The two sounds are in contrastive distribution. #38 The voiceless trill and voiced flap are allophones of one phoneme, whereas the voiced trill is an allophone of a different phoneme. For example, [ahaɾ] and [ahaɾi] demonstrate this, as they both mean “starch.” I would choose this one to represent the phonemic form because these two appear most often in the set of words given....