LJ BIOL 4 - Grade: A PDF

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1.

Which part of the life cycle is dominant in bryophyte?

According to the reading, the haploid gametophyte grows from sporophytes to create new haploid gametes which can be either eggs or sperm, which are so vital for the development of a diploid zygote. Hence, the gametophyte creation or generation is the dominant part because it is the photosynthetic part of the lifecycle of true bryophytes, such as the moss (OpenStax, 2013)

2. Why are mosses usually restricted to moist habits? Mosses are nonvascular plants and that makes them void of vascular features such as xylem and phloem which would otherwise aide in the conveyance of water and nutrients throughout the bodies of vascular plants. In mosses, in order for all parts to acquire water, mosses ought to stick around the moist environments (OpenStax, 2013) because their flagellated sperm cells (spermatozoids) need water to allow them to swim to an egg in the archegonium for reproduction or rather fertilization.

3.

What are fern leaves called?

Fern leaves are also known as “Fronds” whereas their leaflets are described as pinnae. (Helmenstine, 2018)

4. What do ferns have instead of seeds? Because they have spores which stay on the moist ground. Ferns possess spores rather than seeds that are encircled in sporangia. A mass or bunch of sporangia is called “sorus”. ( Helmenstine, 2018).

5. What is the “main plant” of gymnosperms? The major plant of a gymnosperm is called the sporophyte, which is actually what you get to find in the grown-up conifers. (Gymnosperms, n.d)

6. What structure encases the fertilized egg cell? The ovule is the feature which encases the fertilized egg in the gymnosperms. (Gymnosperms, n.d).

7. What are the male and female gametophytes in angiosperms? The male gametophytes in angiosperms are called pollen grains (that are formed from microspores), while the female gametophyte is ref the embryo sac (that are formed from a megaspore). (Gymnosperms, n.d)

8. What process must angiosperms go through before they can reproduce? The angiosperms must undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce (Gymnosperms, n.d).

Now you have reviewed the various life cycles, write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Include an explanation as to why angiosperms have been more successful than other plants. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that have no seeds, leaves, lignified cell walls or roots. They go through sexual reproduction by following the alternation generation process of reproduction whereby they spread their spores from sporophytes and require water to reproduce. (Helmenstine, 2018). And their asexual production happens through fragmentation.

Ferns are vascular plants that have no seeds, and their leaves are called fonds. They have haploid and diploid structure. They also require water for reproduction hence their restriction to moist habitat. Their saprophyte generations are most dominant. (Edu Creation, 2013).

Gymnosperms are also vascular plants with bare seeds that happen or just exist by cones. Unlike angiosperm they do not produce flowers, and their male and female gametophytes structure exists separately on their strobili (cones). They also require water for reproduction (OpenStax, 2013) (Lumen Learning, n.d)

Angiosperms are vascular plants with enclosed seeds, with leaves, flower, roots and stem. They also undergo the alternation of generation , a process where their sporophyte phase being the dominate part in the process. They do not require water for reproduction. (Lumen Learning, n.d).

The reason why we could say that Angiosperm is more successful than the other plants is because they have flowers and pollen, which flowers attract insects that allowed for the transport of the pollen. Animals eat the seed which allows the seeds to be transported within them and discarded into the soil. They also have vessels that increase the process of their growth.

References Lumen learning (n.d). Angiosperms. Retrieved on May 6, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/angiosperms/

Lumen Learning. (n.d). Gymnosperms. Retrieved on May 6, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/gymnosperms/

Weru, L. (n.d). The Life Cycle of a Moss - Infographic. Retrieved on May 7, 2021, from https://stemlounge.com/life-cycle-of-a-moss-infographic/

Edu creation. (2013). Fern Life Cycle. Retrieved on May 6, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fhk-Y0duNjg

OpenStax. (2013). Biology. Retrieved on May 4, 2021, from http://cnx.org/content/col11448/latest/

Helmenstine, A. M. (2018). Fern Life Cycle - How Fern Reproduction Works. Retrieved on May 7, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/fern-life-cycle-415855...