M1-M5 genetics answer lec and lab PDF

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M1 - Pre-task pgyocntei ernviaca- genotypic variance lpomcohailgro niaovrait- morphological variation csepsei tcrhrsaccaeisti- species characteristics sndonsictouui atrit- discontinuous trait lbhreaavoi tiarvnoia- behavioral variation M1 Check-in Activity for Lab Exercises 1 & 2 Why some people ...

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M1 - Pre-task 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

pgyocntei ernviaca- genotypic variance lpomcohailgro niaovrait- morphological variation csepsei tcrhrsaccaeisti- species characteristics sndonsictouui atrit- discontinuous trait lbhreaavoi tiarvnoia- behavioral variation

M1 Check-in Activity for Lab Exercises 1 & 2 1. Why some people resort to phenocopy? Write the pros and cons of phenocopying in not more than 50 words Many individuals want their children to be free of hereditary disorders. The advantage of it is that hereditary conditions like syndromes, diabetes, and other disorders can now be prevented with the help of this innovation. Yet, this procedure could be dangerous and could potentially cause more harm to a patient. 2. Comment in not more than 30 words these lines. “ No two people are exactly alike. Even monozygotic twins differ from each other”. This statement means that all people are unique, even twins, because of different factors like personality traits, cognitive state, experiences, and finger prints. M2 - Check in Activity for Lab Exercise 3 CELL ORGANELLE FAMILY NUCLEUS-Father (The control center of the cell, just like the house because it is the foundation) LYSOSOME-Brother (Recycling and security, like garage) MITOCHONDRIA-Mother (car because it represents the engine. Engine means energy storage) RIBOSOME- Sister (it synthesizes protein like driveway from car) PEROXISOME cousin (Security and waste removal, like pathway because it is the entrance) CYTOPLASM- Uncle (it hold the organelles just like roof, it completes the house) SMOOTHER-Cousin (Accessory production -just like window.) CELL MEMBRANE- Brother (door because he controls what goes in and out just like protector) CELL WALL- grandfather (allows oxygen and water to pass through like balcony cause it allows air to pass) GOLGI APARATUS- Grandmother (the Shipping department like letter box)

Check-In Activity for Lab Exercises 4 & 5 1. List down at least 4 differences between Mitosis and Meiosis (8 pts) Mitosis1. creates body cell 2. 2daughter cells are formed 3.somatic cells 4. one cell division Meiosis1. creates sex cell

2. 4daughter cells are formed 3. gametogenesis 4. two cell divisions 2. With a simple sketch, using colored pens provide an illustration (with label) of the cell that will show the comparison of: ( 12pts) 1. Anaphase 1 and Anaphase 2

2.

Metaphase 1 and Metaphase 2

M3 PRETASK Mathematical and statistical tools are needed because they are used to uncover traits that are hidden in the genome by dominant alleles, and to provide a probability of inheritance.

Trait for thin hair

I. 1

2

4

3

II. 1

2

2 3

2 4

5

2 6

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9

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III. 1

2

M3 CHECK IN ACTIVITY for Lab Exercise 8. STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND TOOLS (CHI-SQUARE TEST) The goal of Chi-square test is to show if there are any deviations from the predicted consequences of alleles in a population. M4 CHECK IN ACTIVITY for Lab Exercise 12 1. 2.

My blood type is Type O (not sure if +or-) I am a DONOR to blood types A+/-, B+/-, AB+/- and O+/- (exact answer only: more or less means incorrect answer) 3. I can receive blood from type/s O+/O4. The universal recipient is a person with blood type _AB+ 5. The disadvantage being a “Universal recipient” is if a person receives the wrong type of blood, they may experience a reaction. M4-Lesson 1 Check-in Activity 1. What are the similarities and the differences between codominance and incomplete dominance?

Codominance refers to the occurrence in which two different alleles are expressed to the same amount inside an individual. In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype is a mix of alleles from two different genotypes. Codominance and incomplete dominance are both alleles that inherit dominant traits. 2. What are the reasons for the occurrence of codominance and incomplete dominance traits? Incomplete dominance can occur when neither of the two alleles is completely dominant over the other. When both alleles demonstrate dominance, like in a blood type case, complete dominance occurs. Therefore, incomplete dominance results in a mixture, while codominance results in possessing both alleles. Think about this: Are these alleles common or rare in humans? Answer this question in not more than 3 sentences. (Please write your answers in M4-Lesson 2 Assignment). The involvement of more than just the typical two alleles (Multiple alleles) are common, for example in blood types of humans. Epistasis is also common, and most likely it is associated with hair color and baldness. While Lethal alleles are rare, according to the study, humans have one to two deadly recessive mutations on average. M4-Lesson 2 Check-in Activity Epistasis occurs when another gene affects another phenotype. For example, when the allele for red and blond hair color is taken over by the baldness trait, expression of the gene for that color will not occur. M4 Lesson 3 Check-in Activity Multifactorial diseases are conditions caused by several contributing causes. or characterized by a polygenic mode of inheritance reliant on a number of genes at many loci. Some examples would be cleft palate/lip, diabetes mellius, NTD, and more. M4-Lesson 4 Check-in Activity 1. In what way are sex limited and sex influenced differ and similar? Sex limited is expressed differently in both sexes, whereas sex influenced is only expressed in one sex. Both are autosomal. 2. A zoologist is studying a deer and found out that a gene is located on autosome two. This gene controls antler production in the male deer. Take note that female deer do not produce antlers. Which mode of inheritance is shown by the these animals? The mechanism of inheritance is determined by genes on autosomes that express only in one sex, "sex-limited." M4-Post Task (Comic Strip)

M5- Pre Task Gametes- Reproductive(sex) cells Double helix-The structure of DNA Genes- fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity Centromere- Seperates Q and P arm P arm and Q arm- P arm is short arm and Q arm is long arm.

M5: Pre-Task Chromosomes are made of chromatin, and chromatin are consists of DNA and protein. Because chromosomes undergo mitosis and/or meosis, duplication must occur. Karyotype is an individual's collection of chromosomes, and are arranged in homologous pairs. M5 CHECK IN ACTIVITY for Lab Exercise 15

Assume that you are married and by chance upon submission for an amniocentesis prenatal checkup it resulted that your baby has more than the total number of chromosomes. What will your final decision to this finding? Answer must not exceed 30 words for 15 pts. I may not want my kid to have any defects, but regardless of her/his condition, I would keep and love the child unconditionally. M5 Check in Activity for Lab Exercise 14

“All organisms have a constant chromosome number. The chromosomes’ sizes vary. If by chance the two sentences are not found in the organisms, what will happen ? (10 pts) A shift in the number of chromosomes can cause issues with the growth, development, and function of the body's systems. If the size of the chromosomes shifts, problems may result.

1. Illustrate a chromosome and label its parts. (5 pts) 2. Tabulate the Human well using "Vogel

different classifications of chromosomes. Group them as and

Motulsky's format bellow.

arrangement . Follow the (20 pts)

Vogel & Motu Arrangeme

n

Description as to size

centromere terminally situated so that there is only one chromosomal arm a telocentric chromosome.

ACROCENTRIC SUB-METACENTRIC

centromere situated so that one chromosomal arm is much shorter than the other. centromere situated so that one chromosome arm is

somewhat shorter than the other.

METACENTRIC

Centromere medially situated so that the two chromosomal arms are of roughly equal length...