Mark Klimek Blue Book Study Guide, 200 pages PDF

Preview

Summary

200 pages of worth of Mark Klimek's nursing study guide for better memorization and examples of what will be on the HESI/NCLEX...

Description

Primary dietary prescription for calcium nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) ? PG. 85

Low calcium diet

For client with nephrolithiasis the diet should be ___ ash

Acid

If kidney stone is calcium phosphate the diet must be low in ___ too

Phosphorus

Primary diet tx for uric acid nephrolithiasis is __ ____

Low purine

Client with uric acid nephrolithiasis should have a diet low in ____

Methionine

What is methionine?

Precursor of the amino acid cystine

2 foods high in methionine?

Eggs, milk

Clients with cystine nephrolithiasis should have an ____ ash diet

Alkaline

Inc. fluids over 3000 cc /day is more effective in treating renal calculi than ANY dietary modification, T/F?

True. Want to flush tract than worry about diet

What is the common name for Laryngotracheobronchitis - LTB

Croup

What is the typical temp elevation in croup?

Low grade, usually below 102, but can go up to 104.

Are ATBs helpful for croup? For epiglottits?

For croup, no. Epiglottitis, yes

Is croup viral or bacterial?

Viral

With which condition is croup most often confused?

Epiglottitis

Can croup be managed at home? Can epiglottitis be managed at home?

Yes. No, epiglottitis is a 911 emergency

Are sedatives used for kids with croup?

No, bc this would mask the signs of respiratory distress

What causes epiglottitis? A virus or bacteria?

H. influenza BACTERIA

What is the best tx for croup?

Cool moist air

What should never be done to a child with epiglottitis?

Never put anything in the child's mouth, ie, a tongue blade can lead to obstruction

What are the typical signs and symptoms of croup?

Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, labored resp. pattern

What 3 signs tell you that the child has epiglottitis instead of croup?

Muffled voice, drooling, increased fever

When is croup bad enough to be evaluated by a doc?

When retractions, and high pitched stridor are present

What lead level needs intervention?

50-60 micrograms/ dl

With which class of drugs will a child with lead poisoning be treated?

Chelating agents

What do chelating drugs do?

They increase the excretion of heavy metals

The most freq. cause of lead poisoning is...

Ingestion of lead-based paint chips

Name 3 common chelating agents for lead poisoning

EDTA, desferal, BAL in oil

S&S of lead poisoning

Drowsiness, clumsiness, ataxia, seizures, coma, resp. arrest

Sx of lead poisoning show up in the ____ system

Neuro

Leukemia is cancer of the ___ forming tissues

Blood

The type of cell that is most common and problematic in leukemia is ____

Immature WBC

In leukemia the RBC count is ...

Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets

In leukemia, the platelet count is ...

Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets

Bc the RBCs are low, the pt will exhibit ___ and ___

Pallor and fatigue

Bc of the immature WBCs, the pt is at risk for ___

Infection

Bc of low platelets, the pt is at risk for ___, ___, and ___

Bruising, ecchymosis, bleeding, petechiae

What causes lymph gland enlargement in leukemia?

All those small immature WBC clog the lymph system

Should you take a rectal temp on a child with leukemia?

No

Should you take an oral temp on a child with leukemia?

Yes, as long as they are over 4 years old, in remission, and have no sores in their mouth

Should the child with active leukemia use straws, forks, cups?

NO straws, NO forks, YES cups

RN's priority in tx a child with newly diagnosed leukemia is...

Dec. risk of infection

When the leukemia child's platelets and WBC's are low, his activities should be ...

Limited

When the platelet and WBCs are low the nurse should not insert a..

Suppository

Are IM injections and IV sticks permitted on a child with leukemia?

When labs are low IMs avoided and IVs limited; only done when absolutely necessary (to give chemo or measure blood counts)

Why are kids on chemo also on allopurinol

To prevent uric acid kidney stones (remember when chemo kills cancer cells, purines and uric acid build up and could cause kidney stones

Why do some kids with leukemia have joint pain?

The immature WBCs infiltrate the joint and cause inflammation

Why is a child with leukemia at risk for neuro sx due to ICP

The immature WBCs infiltrate the brain and cause inflammation

What is alopecia?

Hair loss

If the platelet count is low what drug should the child not take?

Aspirin

Is the alopecia from chemo permanent?

No. It will grow back. (Alopecia of radiation therapy is permanent bc the follicle is destroyed)

What does ANC mean?

Absolute Neutrophil Count

What is the ANC used for in leukemia?

If ANC...