Matthews PILL BUG LAB Template.docx PDF

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Matthew Chan AP Bio 1 Section # ____

Dr. Tu

Pillbug Lab I.

Pillbug behavior observations [In-class activity: observation] The pill bugs crawled around the dish, bumping into the sides, and running in circles. Most of the pillbugs crawled in circles, while two stayed in the middle convulsing. Sometimes the crawling pill bugs would bump into each other and pile up. There are 9 pill bugs in total. [Literature search / need citation] 1. Which group of animals are pillbugs? What are the common characteristics of this group of animals? Pillbugs are part of the Animalia Kingdom, which consists of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms. They are part of the Arthropoda Phylum, which consists of animals with hard exoskeletons and jointed appendages. They are part of the Crustacea subphylum. They are part of the Malacostraca class, which has 6 segmented heads. They are part of the Isopoda order, which has seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen. Finally, they are classified into the Armadillidiidae family which is known for their ability to roll up into a ball. 2. How do pillbugs satisfy the life functions of nutrition? Gas exchange? Excretion? In what type of environment(s) do they live?

Pillbugs consume mostly decomposing plant matter, but will also eat wood fibers and live plants (e.g. moss, algae, bark, leaf matter). Pillbugs excrete ammonia gas through their exoskeleton. Pillbugs excrete their waste in the form of feces, which they consume to retain copper. Pillbugs live in moist areas, usually under logs, rocks, and dirt. I.

LAB Results on “Changing the environment”

A. The two different environments - Light and Dark 1) Your prediction on the behavior of pillbugs - There will be more pillbugs on the dark side of the container the later it gets in the lab. 2) Null hypothesis - Light levels will not have an effect on the behavior of pillbugs. 3) The alternative hypothesis - If the pill bugs have to choose between a light and dark environment, then they will choose a dark environment. 4) Independent and dependent variables - Independent: Light levels of each petri dish; the number of starting pillbugs; where the pillbugs are before the experiment starts. Dependent: the position of the pillbugs as time goes on. 5) Data Table Time

Light

Dark

0:00

5

4

1:00

3

6

2:00

3

6

3:00

5

4

4:00

5

4

5:00

5

4

6:00

4

5

7:00

2

7

8:00

2

7

9:00

1

8

10:00

2

7

[chi-square analysis] - What is the critical value for this test at the p=0.05 level?

3.841 Individual Data Table Heat Categories Data Chart 1

Light

Dark

Total

Observed (o)

3.36

5.64

9

Observed (o) %

37.33

62.67

100

Expected (e)%

50

50

100

Difference (o-e) Difference Squared (o-e)²

-12.67

12.67

160.5289

160.5289

(o-e)²/e

3.210578

3.210578 6.42

Σ (d²/e) = X² Null hypothesis: Chi-Square Value (X²): Critical Value (CV): Accept or reject the null hypothesis (H ): Why did you accept/reject the hypothesis?

Light will not affect the movement of the pillbugs. 6.42 3.841 We reject the null hypothesis. The chi-square value (6.42), is greater than the critical value (3.841), therefore we have to reject the null hypothesis.

B. The two different environments - Hot and Cold 1) Your prediction on the behavior of pillbugs - There will be more pillbugs on the cold side. 2) Null hypothesis - Temperature will not affect the movement of the pillbugs. 3) The alternative hypothesis - If the pill bugs have to choose between a hot or cold environment, then there will be more pill bugs in the cold environment. 4) Independent and dependent variables - Independent: temperature, Dependent: number of pillbugs on each side 5) Data Table Time

Hot

Cold

1:00

4

6

2:00

3

7

3:00

3

7

4:00

1

9

5:00

2

8

6:00

1

9

7:00

1

9

8:00

3

7

9:00

1

9

10:00

1

9

[chi-square analysis] - What is the critical value for this test at the p=0.05 level? 3.841 Heat Categories Data Chart 1

Hot

Cold

Total

Observed (o)

2

8

10

Observed (o) %

20

80

100

Expected (e)%

50

50

100

Difference (o-e) Difference Squared (o-e)²

-30

30

0

900

900

(o-e)²/e

18

18

Σ (d²/e) = X² Null hypothesis:

36 The temperature will not affect the movement of the pillbugs.

Chi-Square Value (X²):

36 36

Critical Value (CV): 3.841 Accept or reject the null hypothesis We reject the null hypothesis. (H ): Why did you The chi-square value (36), is greater than accept/reject the the critical value (3.841), therefore we hypothesis? have to reject the null hypothesis.

II.

Conclusion What could you conclude from your observation? Could the natural environment of the pillbugs, or their physiology, explain the outcome of your observation? I can conclude that pillbugs prefer dark, cool environments. The natural environment of pillbugs is under rocks and logs in moist, cool areas. Pillbugs eat decomposing matter in areas with lots of plant life, which provides shade and moisture. This explains why the pillbugs preferred the cooler area over the hot area and the dark area over the light area.

III.

Citation - APA format

Armadillidiidae. (2020, September 30). Retrieved October 01, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillidiidae Armadillidium. (2020, July 06). Retrieved October 01, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillidium Pillbugs and Sowbugs (Land Isopods). (n.d.). Retrieved October 01, 2020, from https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/pillbugs-and-sowbugs-land-isopods

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