MCAT Biology - Endocrine System PDF

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Summary

Overview of endocrine system...

Description

Gland AnteriorPituitary  

Hormone hGH ACTH FSH

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LH

  PosteriorPituitary 

TSH Prolactin Oxytocin ADH

AdrenalCortex

Aldosterone

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Cortisol

AdrenalMedulla

Epinephrine

Effect Growthofnearlyallcells Stimulatesadrenalcortex Growthoffolliclesinfemale; Spermproductioninmale Causesovulation;Stimulatesestrogenand testosteronesecretion StimulatesreleaseofT3 andT4 inthethyroid Promotesmilkproduction Milkejectionanduterinecontraction Waterabsorptionbythekidney;increaseblood pressure ReducesNa+excretion; IncreasesK+excretion; Raisesbloodpressure Increasesbloodlevelsofcarbohydrates,proteins,and fats Stimulatessympatheticreaction

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Norepinephrine

Stimulatessympatheticactions

Thyroid  Parathyroid Pancreas

T3/T4 Calcitonin PTH Insulin

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Glucagon

Ovaries

Estrogens

 Testes

Progesterone Testosterone

Placenta

HCG

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Estrogens (whilepregnant) Progesterone (whilepregnant)

Increasesbasalmetabolicrate Lowersbloodcalcium Raisesbloodcalcium Promotesentryofglucoseintocells,decreasing glucosebloodlevel Increasesgluconeogenesis,increasingglucoseblood level Growthofmothersex organs; CausesLHsurge Preparesandmaintainsuterusforpregnancy Secondarysexcharacteristics; Closingofepiphysealplates Stimulatescorpusluteum togrowandrelease estrogenandprogesterone Growthofmothersexorgans;causesLHsurge

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Preparesandmaintainsuterusforpregnancy

Type Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Steroid

Steroid TyrosineDerivative (Catecholamine) TyrosineDerivative (Catecholamine) TyrosineDerivative Peptide Peptide Peptide Peptide Steroid Steroid Steroid Peptide Steroid Steroid

 Steroids–Lipids(non‐polar)– Diffusethroughmembraneandactinthenucleus Peptides–Proteins(can’tdiffuse)– Bindtoreceptorsonmembranesurface–use2ndmessengers Tyrosines–(bothways) Thyroidsdiffuseintonucleus/Catecholaminesactonreceptorsatthemembrane...