Mental Health 2 exam study Guide PDF

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Mental Health 2 exam study Guide. exam study guide for mental health 2 exam...

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Mental Health Exam #2 Study Guide Topics 1. Nursing interventions/Patient teaching appropriate for obese child 2. Sleep Disorders: Nursing Interventions -

Common to many children and include night terrors, problems falling asleep, and nighttime awakenings

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Past: Let children “cry it out”

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Present: Each child’s sleeping characteristics are assessed and parents’ expectations and fears are addressed. Treatments are then designed to assist both parents and child in establishing restful sleep patterns. Following bedtime rituals, such as reading a book or limiting television viewing, is often helpful.

3. Therapeutic interventions for temper tantrums -

Temper tantrums: Common expression of anger and frustration for children between 1 and 4 years old. Temper tantrums are a result of a loss of control.

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Interventions:

4. Chronic anxiety and depression associated with childhood abuse 5. How long should separation anxiety last for 4-5 year old -

A few weeks

6. What is Pica -

Pica: Eating disorder characterized by ingestion of nonfood items (i.e. hair, string, dirt) for more than 1 month

7. Signs and symptoms of a learning disorder -

Learning Disorder: diagnosed when a child with normal intelligence routinely falls below the results of other children in the same age and grade groups on standard reading, math, or written tests

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Can affect the child’s thinking, reading, writing, calculation, spelling, and listening abilities

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Often feel low self-esteem and lack the social skills of other children

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Only diagnosed after physical causes such as hearing, speech, and visual problems, are ruled out (cultural influences considered too)

8. Signs and symptoms of Asperger’s Syndrome -

Autism: a disorder of communication, social interactions, and behavior

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Most often encountered pervasive developmental disorder of childhood

9. What is the Denver II tool used to assess? -

The DENVER II is a measure of developmental problems in young children. It was designed to assess child performance on various age-appropriate tasks and compares a given child's performance to the performance of other children the same age.

10. What is secondary enuresis, what can it be caused by? -

Secondary Enuresis: develops when a bladder-trained child becomes incontinent

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Usually follows a stressful event (i.e. birth of sibling or divorce)

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Associated with high levels of emotional stress and anxiety

11. What is a reason behind conforming to group norms? -

Group norm: the way the group behaves during sessions. Over time, it provides structure for the group. For example, a group norm could be that members raise their hand to be recognized by the leader before they speak. Another norm could be that all members sit in the same places for each session.

12. ADHD: enforcing limits on behavior -

Treatment for children with ADHD requires a multidisciplinary approach. Families are educated about the problem, and many children receive special education. Positive reinforcement programs help children choose more socially appropriate behaviors and reduce impulsive actions. Therapeutic interventions for children with ADHD focus on providing a consistent and structured approach. Caregivers must be

prepared to set limits on clients’ behaviors and then be consistently willing to enforce them. They should also strive to acknowledge and reward the child for appropriate behaviors. 13. Control= issue with eating disorders 14. Characteristics of behavior in patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa -

Anorexia Nervosa: prolonged refusal to eat in order to keep body weight at a minimum

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Characterized by: o Intense fear of becoming fat o Relentless pursuit of thinness

15. Goals of treating patient with chemical dependency 16. Patients who struggle with personal identity lack social development 17. Define sandwich generation -

Sandwich Generation: Face dual responsibilities of caring for their children and their aging parents at the same time.

18. What are some reasons as to why interventions are ineffective and goals are not being met for a patient? 19. Most effective teaching method for medication recall 20. Describe Exploitation in terms of elder abuse -

Exploitation: Use of another individual for selfish purposes, profit, or gain. o Example: Theft of objects, diversion of elder’s money, use of legal power assigned by the older adult for own gain. An estimated 10% of elderly people are exploited.

21. Standards of Geriatric Nursing Practice- what are they? -

Offer nurses a means for providing and measuring the nursing care they deliver, and every nurse who works with older adults is responsible for following them. Other caregivers also have the responsibility to care for older adults with respect, kindness, and sensitivity.

22. Define Neglect & Abuse (know the difference) -

Neglect: Lack of meeting a dependent person’s basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, love, and belonging

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Abuse: Process of causing an individual harm

23. What is Sundown Syndrome -

Sundown Syndrome: a group of behaviors characterized by confusion, agitation, and disruptive actions in the late afternoon or evening; associated with dementia, loss of cognitive functions, and physical or social stressors

24. Medication effect on patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease

25. Functional Assessment: think evaluating ADL’s (activities of daily living) -

Functional Assessment: An analysis of their ability to perform the activities of daily living o In short, how is the client’s physical, intellectual, psychosocial, and emotional level of function? This information helps establish and important baseline for comparisons later as the client deteriorates. o The assessment should also include the client’s decision-making capacity, his/her support system, and identification of the primary caregiver

26. Types of coping mechanisms, spiritual, emotional, intellectual, physical -

Spiritual: Includes faith, prayer, and ritual. Attending religious services or communing with nature can reduce anxiety. Many cultural rituals also help individuals cope.

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Emotional: Include crying, communicating, or sharing one’s anxious feelings, and using ego defense mechanisms.

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Intellectual: Aimed at making the threat less meaningful by changing one’s perception. If we do not define the event as threatening, then anxiety is not produced. o Example: 

Someone sees that everyone in his audience is smiling when he is about to give a speech. The threat would be the idea of disapproval from audience. The threat is reduced by the perception of seeing smiling faces.

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Physical: Efforts to directly face and handle the problem.

27. Interpersonal model of anxiety: explains anxiety as a result of interacting with others 28. Somatization- what is it? -

Somatization: act of focusing anxieties and emotional conflicts into physical symptoms. Somatization is the word we use for the physical (or body) expression of stress and emotions through the mind-body connection. We all somatise. In fact, up to 12% of doctors' visits are for somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms are very real.

29. Desensitization Therapy: what does it entail -

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavioral therapy based on the principle of classical conditioning. It was developed by Wolpe during the 1950s. This therapy aims to remove the fear response of a phobia, and substitute a relaxation response to the conditional stimulus gradually using counter-conditioning

30. Benzodiazepine patient teaching in regards to GI symptoms -

Benzodiazepines that are effective in treating psychiatric disorders are also commonly used for IBS patients as both type of disorders often co-exist. Benzodiazepines (BZD) function as a GABAA receptor enhancer to inhibit neural activities mainly at the central nervous system

31. What is seasonal affective disorder? Know the signs and symptoms

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seasonal affective disorder occurs in climates where there is less sunlight at certain times of the year. Symptoms include fatigue, depression, hopelessness, and social withdrawal. Treatment includes light therapy (phototherapy)

32. What is expected during the continuation phase of therapy? 33. Lithium Toxicity: know the signs and symptoms -

Headache, Nausea or vomiting. Dizziness or drowsiness. Diarrhea. Changes in appetite. Hand tremors Dry mouth. Increased thirst.

34. Imbalance of neurotransmitters cause mood disorders -

Alterations in which of the neurotransmitters are most closely associated with depression? Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine.

35. S&S ADHD -

-can't pay attn/ easily distracted/misses details/ insomnia/ forgetful/ diff organizing/ interrupts others/lose things/can't follow directions/diff processing info/ aggressive/ diff keeping relationships/ talks non stop/ acts w/o thinking/ impatient

36. What risk factors place a patient at increased risk for violent behavior? 37. What characterizes an anxiety disorder? -

Anxiety Disorder: Psychic tension that interferes with a person’s ability to perform activities of daily living. An unpleasant emotional state characterized by physical arousal and feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.

38. Examples of Addictive Behaviors -

Any activity, substance, object, or behavior that has become the major focus of a person's life to the exclusion of other activities, or that has begun to harm the individual or others physically, mentally, or socially. Low self-esteem, likes to try new and exciting things, sense of alienation, antisocial, needs instant gratification, impulsive, rebels against authority, lies easily, high achiever, seeks approval from others, overly concerned with how others perceive him or her, submissive and dependent, has a tendency to worry.

39. S&S Depression: who is at most risk?

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Sleep disturbance/Loss of INTEREST/Guilt or feeling of worthlessness/ Energy loss and fatigue Concentration problems/Appetite/weight change/ Psychomotor retardation or agitation/ Suicidal ideation/ Depressed mood

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People with co-occurring chronic medical problems, (e.g., hypertension, backache, diabetes, heart problems, arthritis) are at a higher risk for depression than those in the general population....