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Paratya australiensis shrimp averaged basal heart rate...

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Physiological investigation of Paratya australiensis (glass shrimp): measuring the pulsation rate with the effect of drugs and saline.

Aims: To measure and observe Paratya australiensis (Glass shrimp) mean pulse rate before and after various concentrations of saline and ethanol were added to the worm's aquatic environment.

Result:

 veraged basal heart rate was calculated at 144 bpm and Paratya australiensis s hrimp a used as a comparison to the various concentrations of saline (salt water), seen in table 1 and Ethanol shown in table 2.

Table 1: Mean pulsation rate for the effect of various concentrations of Saline and the Q Value. Saline

5 ppt

10 ppt

15 ppt

20 ppt

143 bpm

143 bpm

143 bpm

216 bpm

144 bpm

144 bpm

144 bpm

144 bpm

1

1

1.5

concentration: Mean pulse rate (bpm) Control: (bpm) Q5 value:

 nd Three saline solutions were tested against Paratya australiensis (glass shrimp) a compared to the control. Saline concentrations of 10 ppt and 15 ppt showed a decrease at 143 bpm, both concentrations dropping an average of 1 bpm. The concentration of saline 20 ppt showed a different effect on the shrimp heart rate with 216 bpm, increasing 72 bpm which is half the control pulsation rate, shown in table 1. The saline

concentration 10 ppt and 15 ppt Q value were both 1 due to the same mean pulse rate. The Q value of 20 ppt were 0.5 higher than the lower concentration, with a 1.5 Q value. There was no general trend shown in table 1, the results show that Paratya

 ulse rate began to show significant increase only at 20 ppt. The higher australiensis p the salt concentration was in the experiment the mean pulse rate increased.

Table 2 : Mean pulsation rate for the effect of various concentrations of Ethanol Ethanol

0.1 mM

0.5 mM

1.0 mM

Mean pulse rate

133 bpm

103 bpm

87 bpm

control:

144 bpm

144 bpm

144 bpm

concentration:

 nd Three Ethanol solutions were tested against Paratya australiensis (glass shrimp) a compared to the control basal heart rate. Ethanol concentration at 0.1mM dropped 11 beats, resulting in a mean pulse rate of 9.2 bpm, as shown in table 2. It was also observed that Ethanol at a concentration of 0.5 mM saw the average mean pulse rate drop to 103 bpm, dropping 44 beats lower than the control. When the ethanol concentration was increased to 1.0 mM, the mean pulse rate dropped even more, to 87 bpm, exactly 57 bpm lower than the control, as shown in table 2. Results show that ethanol general trend at all concentrations mean pulsation rates decrease, therefore the higher concentration of Ethanol the slower the pulsation rates became.

Discussion: The endemic species Paratya australiensis is the most widely distributed shrimp in Australia, ubiquitous across the Eastern Australian and Tasmanian and are all generally

 ave sensitive to water pollution (Rogl et al. 2018). Paratya australiensis (glass shrimp) h a transparent exoskeleton which made it possible to view the pulsation rate via the heart in the dorsal region of the body, the thorax.

Saline: Salinity is the measure of the number of grams of salt per kilogram of water, which is expressed in parts per thousand (PPT), shown in table 1. Generally,  Paratya australiensis, lives in mainland freshwater which  has dissolved matter—1 ppt or less

 uncan et al. 2019). S  alt mimics a neurotransmitter which is an agonist, thus will (D increase the mean pulsation rate when in concentration of 20ppt or above (Chand, et al. 2015). As shown in Table 1, at the highest saline concentration the mean pulsation rate does increase due to saline stress. Freshwater animals having a hypertonic body (higher salt concentration in their body then in the water), therefore water flows into the fish. When freshwater fish are placed into salt water saline stress occurs. This is when the opposite process happenneds, water from inside their body would flow out into the highly saline water surrounding them until they die of dehydration. High salinity target stress pathways in crustaceans  resulting in increased mean pulsation rate (Bain .P et al. 2016)

Ethanol: Ethanol also known as alcohol, ethyl alcohol (Vale 2003) is a chemical which is extremely accessible and can be a depressant at higher concentrations (Graham et al. 2009). As shown in Table 2, Ethanol dramatically decreased pulsation rates at every concentration. Ethanol mean pulse rate decreased due to it being an ion channel blocker, stopping physiological  response (Bohrer  2006) thus decreasing the pulsation rate.

Pharmacological agents such as Ethanol showed change the basal heart rate (control) of Paratya australiensis. These results express that these pharmacological agents are bad for animal health and should not be consumed due to the change in the way the heart performs naturally (basal). Saline Concentration also shown a change in the basal heart rate (control), these results show how pollution in our waters need to improve as it can and will endanger the life of our aquatic animal life.

References: Bohrer, K.E 2006, ‘Effects of drugs on pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworms)’, Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching, v ol.27, pp.132-146

Bain P, Adrienne G, and Anupama K, 2016, ‘De Novo Assembly and Analysis of Changes in the Protein-coding Transcriptome of the Freshwater Shrimp Paratya Australiensis (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Response to Acid Sulfate Drainage Water.’ BMC Genomics, vol.17, no.1, pp.890

 ffect of Salinity on Chand B, Trivedi R, Dubey S, Rout S, Beg M, Das U, 2015, ‘E Survival and Growth of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (de Man)’

 , no.1, pp.26-33. Aquaculture Reports, v ol 2 Duncan S, Seraphin K, Philippoff J, Pottenger F, Kaupp L, Lurie M, Lin D, Baumgartner E, 2019, ‘Measuring Salinity’, Exploring our fluid earth, vol.1, no.3, pp. 43-46.

Graham, ME, Edwards, MR, Holden-Dye, L, Morgan, A, Burgoyne, RD & Barclay, JW 2009, ‘UNC-18 modulates ethanol sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans’, Molecular biology of the cell, v ol.20, no.1, pp.43-55.

Rogl, Kimberley A., Md, Lifat Rahi, Jack W. L. Royle, Peter J. Prentis, David A. Hurwood 2018, ‘A Transcriptome-wide Assessment of Differentially Expressed Genes among Two Highly Divergent, Yet Sympatric, Lineages of the Freshwater Atyid Shrimp, Paratya Australiensis.’ Hydrobiologia, Vol 825, no.1, pp.189-196.

Vale, A 2003, ‘Ethanol’, Medicine, vol.31, no.10, pp. 49-51,...