MIS 2223 notes - Mrs, Grubb Chapter5-current PDF

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Mrs, Grubb
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MIS 2223 Chapter 5: ________________ Digital security, Ethics,Privacy ⁃ A digital security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to a computer or mobile device hardware, software, data information, or processing capability ⁃ Any illegal act involving the use of a computer or related devices generally is referred to as computer crime ⁃ A cybercrime is an online or internet base illegal act Top Threats: 1. Ransomware & malware: more costly than breaches 2. Endpoint attacks: could and Sass trends make it easier for hackers 3. Phishing: More sophisticated than ever 4. AI and ML driven attacks: cybercrimes Information theft: steal info, credit cards at gas stations Software theft: using software not permitted to you Hacker- accessing computer or network illegally Cracker- a hacker with malicious intent Script kiddie- not as tech intelligent, use pre written hacking Corporate spies- hire people to hack in to competitors software Unethical employees- use weak spots in system, Cyberextortionist- extorting technology infrastructure Cyberterrorist- destroy computers based off of political views Malware-, short for malicious software, consists of programs that act without a users knowledge and deliberately alter the operations of computers and mobile devices Fig. 5.1 Fig 5.2 A compromised computer or device is known as a zombie A botnet is a group of compromised computers or mobile devices connected to a network A denial of service attack disrupts computer access to an internet service A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network internet transmission appear legitimate Firewall is a hardware and or software that protects a networks resources from intrusion

Unauthorized access use- the use of a computer or network without permission Organizations take several measures to help prevent unauthorized access and use ⁃ Adaptable use policy ⁃ Disable file and printer sharing

Chapter 6: RAM memory ⁃ What is RAM memory? -What is a CPU? -part 1 & 2 -What is a 64 bit? Inside the case -The case contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile device from damage Pay attention for: -Moores law, purpose of heat sink, semi conductor, binary? Motherboard- kitchen Processor- cooktop Memory- counter top Hard drive- cabinet, pantry, fridge Data- food Programs/apps- recipes Graphics card- coffee maker Cache- salt and pepper Bus- dishes/person A motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer ⁃ A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which circuits are etched -The processor, also called the central processing unit interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer -A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores

-Processors contain a control unit and an arithmetic ⁃ ⁃

Control unit is the component of the processors Arithmetic logic unit another component

-System clock control the timing of all computer operations Moore’s Law -video, intel, Moores law got me! ⁃ The leading manufacturers of personal and computer processor chips are intel and AMD ⁃ A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail ⁃ Require additional cooling ⁃ Heat sinks ⁃ Liquid cooling technology ⁃ Cooling pads Heat Sink, Video The internet of things, describes a computing environment where objects or things are connected to the internet Cloud computing- home and business users choose cloud computing fo ra variety of reasons. Analog- signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality Digital- signals are in one of two states: on or off The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1) -Bits and bytes Video, data representation Memory, consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data Each byte resides temporarily in memory that has an address 8 bits in a byte -Computers and mobile devices contain two types of memory: 1. Volatile memory , looses its contents when powered off 2. Non volatile memory , does not loose contents

2 types of RAM 1. Dynamic ram 2. Static ram Table 6.1 Ram chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots Memory cache - speeds the processes of the component because stores frequently used instructions and data Read-only memory- refers to memory chips storing permanant data and instructions Flash memory- can be erased electronically and rewritten Access time- amount of time it takes to processor to read from the memory An adapter card enhances functions of a component of a desk top or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices Plug and play technology, the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them USB adapter, enhances functions of a mobile computer and or provides connections to peripheral devices A bus allows the various decides both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another Word size is the number of bits the processor and interpret and execute at a given time -system bus, backside bus, expansion bus Power supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

MIS Chapter 7 __________________ What is output? Output is data that has processed into a useful form ⁃ A display visually conveys text, graphics and video information ⁃ A monitor is a display that is packages as a seperate peripheral device the quality of a display depends primarily on its? Resolution Hdtv- is the most advanced form of digital television

A smart tv is an internet enabled hdtv Printers A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper A ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper (Ppm - pages per minute) A photo printer is a color printer that produces lab quality photos All in one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copes, and in some cases faxes A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat sensitive paper A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery- powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive- typer material that can be placed on a variety of items Plotters are used to produce high quality drawings Large-format printer grate photo realistic quality color prints -Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper A 3-d printer uses process called additive manufacturing to create an object by adding material to a three- deminsonal object Many users attach speakers or speaker systems to their computers, game consoles and mobile devices to generate higher quality sounds Headphones are speakers that cover or are placed outsides of the ear Earbuds rest inside the ear canal A data projector is a device that projects that text and images displaying on a computer or mobile device screen on a larger screen so that ab audience can see the image clearly An interactive white board is a touch sensitive device, resembling a dry erase board, that displays the image on a connected computer screen

Chapter 8: A storage medium is the physical material o which a computer keeps data, information, programs and applicants

Cloud storage keeps information on servers on the internet, and the actual media on which the files are stored are transparent A storage device is the hardware that record and or retrieves items to and from storage media ⁃ Reading, process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory ⁃ Writing, is the process of transferring items from memory to a storage medium Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold The amount of storage does not effect the speed of your computer/ phone Access time : the amount of time that it takes a storage device to locate an item in a storage medium A hard disk also called a hard disk drive contains circular platters, that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions and information The storage capacity of hard disks varies is determined by: ⁃ The number of platters the hard disk contains ⁃ The composition of magnetic coating on the platters ⁃ Density ⁃ Whether the disk uses longitudinal or perpendicular recording Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors Read/write head A head crashes occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter ⁃ Always keep a backup of your hard disk A SSD is a flash memory storage device that contains it’d win processor to manage its storage (Solid state drive) Last up tp 10 years An external hard drive, is a separate freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other port on a computer or mobile device A memory card is a removable flash memory storage device that you insert and remove from a slot in a commuter, mobile device or card reader/writer _____________

USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device Cloud storage is an internet service that provides storage to computer or mobile device Optical disk consists of a flat, round, portable disk made up of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser CD-ROM can be read from but not written to CD-R is an optical disc on which uses can write once, but not erase CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc (re-writeable) Optical discs A DVD-ROM A DVD-R DVD-RW CD-DVD-BLU RAY RAID- is a group of 2 or more integrated hard drives (More $$ than hard drive but more redundant) 2 types of hard drives: solid state, standard Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to manage and store data and information using device intended for heavy use, maximum efficiency, and maximum availability Network attached storage is a server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users, computers and devices attached to the network A storage area network is a high speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic or storing large amounts of data and information A magnetic stripe card has a magnetic stripe that contains info A smart card stores data or an integrates circuit embedded in the card RFID tag- consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves NFC enabled device

Chapter 9: Operating systems The history of the operating system: ⁃ Victoria university of Manchester ⁃ 1980’s An operating system is a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware Boot process Warm boot- restart Cold boot- starting from scratch An operating system includes various power options ⁃ Sleep mode, hibernate mode A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how info is displayed on the screen - with a graphical user interface you interact with menus and visual images A command line interface, a user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity Memory management optimizes the use of the computers or devices internal memory Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed **Buffer **Spooling **Queing A driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices Many programs including operating systems, include an automatic update feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

Operating systems provide users, with a variety of tools related to managing to a computer its devices, or its programs A user account enables a user to sign in to or access resources on a network or computer ⁃ a user or user id identifies a specific user ⁃ a password is a private combination of characteristics associated with the user name Monday, October 21st A desk top operating system is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops and some tablets The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease of use Unix is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970’s Linux us a popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system Chrome OS is a linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps The operating system on devices and many consumer electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on firmware Android is a open source linux-based mobile operating system designed by google for smart phones and tablets IOS developed by apple is a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for apples mobile devices Windows mobile edition developed by Microsoft is a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones Test 3: Review Laptop running slow..what to do ?- TASK MANAGER, SORT CPU USAGE, SHUT IT DOWN, DEFRAGMENT STANDARD STATE, ANTI VIRUS SOFTWARE, REBOOT IT, SEE WHAT PROGRAMS YOU HAVE, MEMORY Work phone updates- ASK TECH PEOPLE AT WORK 3 back ups- grandparent, parent, child

External hard drive, new MacBook Pro - update it, by going to the website of manufacturer and search for your device 3 Optical discs - cd-dvd-bluray Saved files on the cloud at home- app support, delete and reinstall October 23rd, 2019 The internets dark side PowerPoint Group Project Cool apps/uses for your phone Effects of technology on us How internet/phones/social media changed our lifestyle

Chapter 10: _______________________ Digital Technology, Data, and Devices Digital communications describe a process in which 2 or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information ->sending device->transmission media->receiving device A network is a collection of computers and device connected together via communications devices and transmission media A local area network(LAN) is an network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area A wireless LAN(WLAN) is a LAN that uses no physical wires (Nodes) A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area A personal area network(PAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in an individuals workspace using wires and wireless technology Body area network (BAN) attached to a human body The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network is sometimes called the network architecture

Communications software consists of programs and apps that: help users establish a connection, manage transmission of data, provide an interface for users to communicate Network communication standards and protocols Ethernet is a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network should control when data can be transmitted The token ring standard specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a signal token TCP/IP is a network protocol that defines how messages are routes from one end of the network to another IPv4-IPv6 comparison WI-FI identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with higher speed LTE Bluetooth UWB IrDA transmits data wirelessly vis infrared light waves RFID is a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object , an animal, or a person NFC- is a protocol based on RFIS that defines how a network uses close range radio signals to communicate between 2 devices or objects equipped with NFC technology Communication lines- cable, dal, http, t1, t3, atm ADSL is a type of DSL that supports faster downstream rates than upstream rates ________ A communication device is any type of hardware capable of trans sitting data. Instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device A broadband modem sends and receives data and information to and from a digital phone line A wireless modem uses a mobile phone providers network to connect to the internet wirelessly form a computer or mobile device

A wireless access pint (WAP) is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wires network A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network 4 types of router:

1. Wireless 2. Broadband router 3. Brodband wireless router 4. Mobile broadband wireless router

A network card enables a computer or device that does not have built in networking capability to access a network Many home users connect multiple computers and devices together in a home network Transmission media -Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously ⁃ the amount of data, instructions and information that can travel over transmission media sometimes is called bandwidth ⁃ Latency is the time takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high- speed signal transmission A communications satellite is a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth based station, amplifies it and broadcasts the signal over a wide area to any number of earth bases stations A GPS is a navigation system that consists of one or more earth based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites

Chapter 11 ___________________

Building solutions: DBMS: database software often called a database management system allows users to create a computer database, add or modify and delete data, sort and retrive data, create forms and reports from the data. Data is organized in levels A character is one byte A fields a combination of one or more relates characters ⁃ Field name ⁃ Size ⁃ Data type A record is a group of related fields - A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies each record A data file is a collection of related records File Maintence refers to the procedures that keep data current Validation compares data with a set of rules or values to determine if the data meets certain criteria A data model defines hoe users view the organization of the data A data dictionary contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files A DBMS (Data base management system) -A query is a request for specific data from the data base -A query language consists of simple English like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, store or update or delete -Structures query language is a popular query language that allows users to manage, update and retrieve data A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a data base A report writer allows user to design a report on the screen retrieve data into the report design and than display or print the report System development is a set of activities used to build an information system

System development activities are grouped into phases, and it is called the system development life cycle (sdlc) Planning Analysis Design Implementation Support and security System analyst is responsible for designing and developing an information system Project management is the process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development Feasibility is measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization The planning phase for a project begins when the steering...