MMSC200 Chapter 9 Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Download MMSC200 Chapter 9 Notes PDF

Description

Chapter 9: Male Reproductive System External Anatomy

Dual purpose: urinary system AND reproductive system Internal Structure of the TESTIS and EPIDIDYMIS ● Testis=singular ● Testes=plural ● Seminiferous Tubules ○ Site of germination, maturation, and transportation of sperm cells (spermatozoa; spermatogenesis) within testes ○ Attached to epididymis ● Epididymis ○ Tubular structure ○ Tightly coiled (very long; 10-16 ft uncoiled) ○ One per testis ○ Leads to vas deferens (or ductus deferens) ● Vas deferens

Sperm

● Male sex cell: spermatozoon ● Head, mid-piece, and tail ○ Mid-piece contains mitochondria to provide energy for spermatozoa ● Tail consists of a flagellum ○ Provides motility to cell

Internal Anatomy

Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Gland: provides nutrition and sugar for energy, etc. ● Makes up semen

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper Glands): mucus secretion ● Makes up semen Seminiferous tubules: ● Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes ● Where spermatogenesis occurs Seminal vesicles ● Exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens Path of sperm 1. Seminiferous tubules a. Testes 2. Epididymis 3. Vas deferens a. Seminal vesicles 4. Ejaculatory duct 5. Urethra a. Prostate gland b. Cowpar (bulbourethral gland) 6. Penis Vocabulary ● balan/o ○ Glans penis ● epididym/o ○ Epididymis ● gon/o ○ Seed ● orch/o, orchi/o, test/o ○ Testis, testicle ● pen/o ○ Penis ● prostat/o ○ Prostate gland ● semin/i ○ Semen, seed ● sperm/o ○ Spermatozoa, semen ● vas/o ○ Vessel Leydig cells: interstitial cells in testes ● Helps produce testosterone ○ Testosterone mainly made up of cholesterol

● Females DO make testosterone Pathology Semen ● Aspermia ○ Condition of lack of sperm ● Azoospermia ○ Conditions that include low sperm count, dysfunctional, or immature sperm (broad term) Testicular Cancer ● Seminoma ○ Germ cell tumor of the testicles ○ Testes look swollen ○ Infants: ■ Embryonal carcinoma ■ Choriocarcinoma ■ Teratoma ● Development of hair, teeth, nails, etc. Hydrocele ● Sac of fluid in the scrotum ○ Can be treated by centesis Testicular Torsion ● Spermatic cord twists around itself Varicocele ● Dilated spermatic veins Prostate Carcinoma ● Benign prostatic hyperplasia Digital Rectal Exam ● Diagnosis of rectal/prostatic diseases by touch Transurethral Resection of the Prostate ● Resectoscope placed through urethra to partially remove prostate to narrow pathway Hypospadias ● Urethral opening not in normally seen place ● Can be treated by urethrostomy Phimosis ● Fore skin wrapped tightly around glans penis ● Treated by circumcision ○ Prepuce pulled forward, incised, and removed Cryptorchidism ● Undescended testicle

● Treated by orchiopexy: surgical repair of testicle STDs ● Chlamydia ○ Bacterial infection leading to painful urination (affects urethra) ○ Leads to salpingitis in women (inflammation of the fallopian tubes) ● Gonorrhea ○ Discharge of the seed ○ Characterized by mucus/pus-filled urination ■ Painful urination ○ Purulent ● Syphilis ○ Chancre on penis Methods of Contraception Vasectomy ● Cuts vas deferens ● No sperm present ● Can easily reverse vasectomy by Vasovasostomy ○ Ends are untied and placed back together (anastomosis) ■ Tying of two cut ends/ligation Castration/Sterilization ● Either penis is cut off or entire reproductive system taken out ● Leaves man impotent/sterile Impotence/Erectile Dysfunction ● Inability to have an erection ● Ingestion of vasodilators help treat it...