Mnemonics PDF

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Mnemonics...

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Mnemonics to Help Study for Boards: Area of Study Integumentary Related:

Mnemonic CAUTION UP  Cancer’s early warning signs o C= change in bowel or bladder o A= a lesion that does not heal o U= unusual bleeding or discharge o T= thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere o I= indigestion or difficulty swallowing o O= obvious changes in wart or mole o N= nagging cough or persistent hoarseness o U= unexplained weight loss o P= pernicious anemia ABCDE:  Skin Cancer Screening o A= Asymmetry o B= irregular borders o C= color variegation (can see black or blue) o D= diameter .6mm or greater o E= elevation above skin level BAPS H&M:  Steven-Johnson Syndrome Causes: o B= barbiturates o A=antibiotics (PCNs) o P= Phenytoin and other anticonvulsants o S= sulfonamides o H= herpes simplex virus o M= Mycoplasms Rule of 9’s  For determining body surface area- helpful for burns o Head= 9% (front 4.5, back 4.5) o Chest 9% o Abd 9% o Back 18%- split between upper and lower o Leg 18%- split between front and back o Arm 9% split between front and back o Genitals 1% o Each palm = 1%

Cardiac Related:

Heart Murmurs: Mr. Ass and Mrs. Always right:  Systolic S1 o Mr.= mitral regurgitation- diaphragm- pansystolic o As= Aortic stenosis- diaphragm o He puts himself 1st (S1) and his is Selfish (systolic) o He is always going uptown (MR travels to axillary, AS travels to neck) o He thinks he is such an MVP with his CLICKish friends 1

(hear a click) Diastolic S2 o Ms.- Mitral stenosis (bell) o AR- aortic regurgitation- diaphragm o She always comes 2nd (S2) and she’s dying inside (diastolic) o She never goes uptown because she never leaves home (does not travel) o Her friends S3 and S4 are always checking on her and ringing her doorbell  Motivated Apples o Motivated= S1  M- mitral  T- tricuspid  AV- atrioventricular o Apples= S2  A- aortic  P- pulmonic  S- semilunar Toilet Paper My Ass  Heart valves by order of blood flow: o Tricuspid o Pulmonic o Mitral o Aortic 5 P’s  Circulatory Checks o Pain o Paresthesia o Paralysis o Pallor o Pulse FROM JANE  Symptoms of endocarditis o F= fever o R= Roth’s spots (cotton wool spot surrounded by hemorrhage, or white centered hemorrhage of the retina) o O= Osler’s nodes (tender, red purplish raised lesions with a pale center usually on fingers/toes) o M= murmur o J= Janeway lesions (non-tender, hemorrhagic lesions mostly noted on palms, commonly at the base of thumb or pinky finger and soles) o A= anemia o N= Nail hemorrhages (splinter hemorrhages) o E= emboli CPR:  Stages of shock o C= compensatory stage o P= progressive stage 

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o R= refractory stage HAVANA:  Causes of shock o H= hypovolemia o A= adrenal crisis o V= vascular stasis o A= acute respiratory obstruction o N= neurogenic o A= anaphylaxis ABCDE (hypertension)  Causes of HTN- use the ABCDE method to determine if the case is secondary or primary o A= aldosterone/apnea o B= bad kidneys/Bruits o C= catecholamines/ Cushing’s syndrome o D= Drugs/diet o E= endocrine  All here are secondary  Primary is when there is no identifiable cause FAST:  For recognizing strokes o F= facial drooping o A= arm weakness o S= slurred speech o T= time CRASH:  Kawasaki’s symptoms o C= conjunctivitis o R= rash- all over body- polymorphous exanthem o A= adenopathy- cervical o S= strawberry tongue o H= hands and feet swollen SHED the GAPS:  Calcium channel blocker side effects o S= Steven Johnson syndrome o H= headache o E= edema o D= dizziness o G=gingival hyperplasia o A=angina o P=palpitations o S=sleepiness ASPIRIN:  Aspirin side effects o A= asthma o S= salicylism o P= peptic ulcer disease o I= intestinal blood loss 3

Resp Related:

o R= Reye’s syndrome o I= idiosyncrasy o N= noise (tinnitus) CAPTOPRIL:  ACEI side effects o C=cough o A= angioedema/agranulocytosis o P= potassium excess o T=taste changes o O= orthostatic hypotension o P= pregnancy contraindication o R= renal artery stenosis contraindication o I=inflammation related pain o L= lower GFR Halt Dangerous Hypertension:  ARB Side effects o H=headache o D=dizziness o H=hyperkalemia HMG-CoA  Statin side effects o H= hepatotoxicity o M= myalgias/myopathy o G= GI symptoms (constipation, pain, flatulence) o C= CPK increased o A= a-fib SADCCUB:  Anticholinergics side effects: o S= sedation o A= anorexia o D= dry mouth o C= confusion o C= constipation o U= urinary retention o B= BPH Mad Hatter:  Anticholinergic side effects o Red as a beet o Mas as a hatter o Hot as a hare o Can’t see o Can’t pee o Can’t spit o Can’t shit CURB-65:  Criteria to determine PNA treatment- outpatient vs inpatient o C= confusion o U= urea > 7 4

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R= Resp > 30 B= SBP...