Module 2 PDF

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this is a study guide for module 2 which is in the first exam...

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Module 2: Age of Exploration and Discovery Vasco De Gama -

He was a fleet commander for the Portuguese

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Ordered a landing party to greet the people of Calicut in the spring of 1498

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His voyage to India led to an extended period of European expansion in Asia

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When they came across the Cape of Good Hope on the coast of Africa, they erected a pillar called “The Vasco de Gamma Pillar of Malindi”

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His voyage led to the takeover of trade routes in the Indian ocean and it helped to establish colonies throughout the region

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These events would later be described as the “Age of Discovery”

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This was also the first time that Europeans took part in a regional trade network.

Prince Henry “The Navigator” -

He wanted to acquire new trade opportunities for his kingdom, weaken the Muslim states in Spain and west Africa, and extend the realm of Christianity

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Founded a school for navigators in 1419 off the coast of Portugal

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In search of gold

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain -

Sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492 because she wanted to join the competition for exploration

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She sent Christopher Columbus to the Atlantic ocean to find a westward route to the indies

Christopher Columbus -

Was sent to discover a westward route to the indies

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He did not find the route to the indies, but to another unknown land

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Reached land somewhere near the Bahamas and explored the coastline of Cuba

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He thought he had reached Asia

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Reached all major islands of the Caribbean, Honduras and Central America

Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494 -

Fight over newly acquired territories

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Separate the Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence

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Route east around Cape of Good Hope was reserved for the Portuguese Route across the Atlantic was reserved for Spain

Ferdinand Magellan -

Dispatched on 1519 seeking a route to the spice islands

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Sailed around the southern tip of south America, across the Pacific Ocean, and landed on the island of Cebu in the Philippine islands

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Him and his crew were killed in a dispute with the locals

Conquistadors -

Conquerors

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Mostly upper-class individuals

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Motivated by glory and greed and religious zeal

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Superior weapons, organizational skills, and determination brought them success in their new environments

Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs -

1519 led Spanish expedition and landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico

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Marched to Tenochtitlan and got nice welcome from the Aztecs

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Eventually there was tension because Cortes demanded the Aztecs to convert to Christianity

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They took Moctezuma hostage and started to destroy the Aztecs religious shrines causing the local population to revolt

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Drove invaders out of the city but Cortes found his way back

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Aztecs started to suffer from the new diseases that would eventually wipe the majority of the population out

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They Aztecs finally vanquished

Francisco Pizarro and the Incas -

Between 1531 and 1536 Francisco Pizarro led an expedition and destroyed the Inca power in the Peruvian Andes

Middle Passage -

Trading of slaves

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Estimated 275,000 slaves were transported

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Voyage from Africa to the Americas

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Up to a third of the human cargo died on the first shipments from diseases and malnourishments

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Chained together in the holds of ships reeking of human waste and disease carried by vermin

Columbia Exchange -

Brought tangible benefits to people throughout the world

Encomienda -

European settlers received grants of land and could collect tributes from the indigenous people and use them as laborer’s

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Holders of an encomienda were supposed to protect the Indians and supervise the spiritual and material needs

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Settlers were free to implement the system as they pleased...