Module 2a&b - Lecture notes week 2 PDF

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Module 2a : Functional Consequences Theory

What are some concepts underlying the functional consequences theory? - Combinations of age-related changes and risk factors increase the vulnerability of the older person to negative functional consequences - Nurses assess the age-related changes, risk factors and functional consequences, with particular emphasis on identifying the factors that can be addressed through nursing intervention - Wellness outcomes enable functioning at their highest level despite the presence of age-related changed and risk factors. What are positive functional consequences? - Those that facilitates the highest level of functioning, the least dependency, and the best quality of life. Facilitate the highest functioning, the least dependency and the best quality of life. Functional Consequences are observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age-related changes that influence the quality of life or day to day activities of older adults. The effects relate to all levels of functioning, including body, mind and spirit. Negative Functional Consequences Interfere with the older adult’s functioning and quality of life. List and explain the 3 types of Functional Consequences - Functional consequences – Observable effects of actions, risk factors and age-related changes that influence the quality of life or day to day activities. The effects relate to all levels of functioning, including body, mind and spirit. - Negative Functional Consequences – Those that interfere with functioning or quality of life - Positive Functional Consequences – Those that

facilitate the highest level of functioning the least dependency and best quality When do you get the wellness outcome? -when positive functional consequences are the result of nursing interventions What is some age-related changes? - Inevitable, progressive and irreversible changes that occur and are independent of extrinsic or pathological conditions - On the physiological level, these changes are typically degenerative - On psychological and spiritual levels, they include potential for growth Risk factors are conditions that increase the vulnerability of older adults to negative not positive functional consequences. Risk factors? - Conditions that increase the vulnerability to negative functional consequences - Common source of risk factors include disease, environment, lifestyle, support systems, psychological circumstances, adverse medication effects and attitudes based on lack of knowledge Who is an Older Adult (person) ? A complex and unique individual whose functioning and wellbeing are influenced by the acquisition of age- related changes and risk factors - When risk factors cause being dependent on other for daily needs, their caregivers are considered an integral focus of nursing care Nursing Care - The focus of nursing care is to minimise the negative effects of age-relate changes and risk factors and to promote wellness outcomes - goals are achieved through the nursing process, with particular emphasis on health promotion another nursing intervention that address the negative functional consequences. Health - the ability to function at their highest capacity, despite the presence of age-related changes and risk factors - it is not limited to physiological function and encompasses psychosocial and spiritual function. Thus it addresses well-being and quality of life Environment - External conditions including care givers, that influence the body, mind, spirit and functioning - Environmental conditions are risk factors when they interfere with function, and they are interventions when they enhance function Applying the Theory to Promote Wellness - Incorporate wellness outcomes to address personal aspirations for wellbeing of body, mind and spirit - Educate about interventions to minimise risk factors or their effects

Rewarding when approached from a holistic perspective The functional consequence theory for promoting wellness in older adults - Nursing assessment – age-related changes, negative functional consequences , risk factors - Nursing interventions - Wellness outcomes – health -nursing older adults is more than basic nursing care Specialised knowledge is required Promotion of wellness required through the use of models of care Need to implement health promotion programs for older adults to ensure positive functional consequences and increased quality life -

Module 2b: Health Education & Health Promotion in Older Adult What is the Specialised Care for Older Adults? - Nurses are the primary health carers of older adults - Nurses require skills and knowledge to meet the health care needs of older adult - Nurses assess older adults comprehensively - Nurses provide wellness promotion services - Nurse provide evidence-based care to older adults. Caring for Older Adults Today - Professional specialisation - Address unique needs - Traditionally focused on – problems associated with ageing - Now focus on ; quality of life, optimal health and functioning Why is health promotion essential? It is essential for preventing chronic conditions, reducing mortality and improving quality of life - Major national initiatives focus on health promotion ; screening programs, risk reduction interventions, environmental modifications and health educations What is the Transtheoretical Model of Health Promotion? -addresses the many disease prevention and health promotion interventions that require a change in healthrelated behaviours -5 specific stages in accomplishing behaviour changes: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance -consider this model in relation to your role as a nurse Precontemplation; unaware, denial Contemplation ; intention to change in near future Preparation; still not sure but more likely to change Action ; changes made but still early days

Maintenance ; continued change for 12 months or more Quality of Life (QOL) - Innovative models of care - Opportunities for advanced practice nurses - Many resources for information about evidencebased practice - Quality of life survey...