Module 4 GOOD LIFE, Humanity Cross AND THE Future DOES NOT NEED US PDF

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Module 4: GOOD LIFE, HUMANITY CROSS AND THEFUTURE DOES NOT NEED USIntroduction/OverviewThis module aims to discuss the philosophical views of good life from different philosophers. It explains how technology used and developed by humans. It also presents the history of television from the year it wa...

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Module 4: GOOD LIFE, HUMANITY CROSS AND THE FUTURE DOES NOT NEED US Introduction/Overview This module aims to discuss the philosophical views of good life from different philosophers. It explains how technology used and developed by humans. It also presents the history of television from the year it was invented up to the present time. This module consists of three lessons- The Good Life, Humanity Cross and the Future Does Not Need Us. There are assessment and activities at the end of each lesson.

Lesson 1: The Good Life What is “the good life”? This is one of the oldest philosophical questions. Your knowhow of human flourishing and the eudemonistic perception approximately happiness could be collectively utilized in this lesson to apprehend a person’s which means of an awesome life. A few philosophers have supported different ideas of a great life and started to express models of mental and passionate well-being, which endeavored to mostly characterize “good human life.” A society may recognize great lives and those are characterized by:

1. The fulfilment of basic needs; 2. The satisfaction of desires and aspirations; 3. The accomplishment of a person’s purpose and mission; and 4. A life that has social meaning. A few other logicians avoid “securing essential needs” as an essential to a good Life. Great life is more that acquiring basic commodities. It is additionally more than yearning for a fulfilment of one’s faculties. Even seeking for joy is ruined since it isn't locked in in a person’s esteemed objective, which is of the establishment of honest to goodness fulfillments. Having as well numerous too-good-to-be-true wishes in life is an unintelligent choice, but the fulfilment of fulfilling victory is additionally not simple. In truth, it depends on the degree of its plausibility of failure. A fulfilled existence is one that has an intention or an end. But now not all lifestyles dreams bring real success. A character would possibly feel top notch if his lifestyles is dedicated to an inspiring personal and social motive.

There is another distinct which means of “appropriate lifestyles” wherein the achievement encompasses other’ health sometime, ever notes that oneself. These people measure their fulfilment thru their effect on their effect on their society, and the meaning of their lives is essentially shared, And, there are also folks who equate their correct existence with making sacrifices. These are the those who classify themselves as contraptions for others and for posterity. Perhaps, appropriate lifestyles aren’t always essentially approximately a character’s quest of non-public success but in all likelihood approximately his commitments to selflessness and having an “moral existence.”

ARISTOTLE AND THE GOOD LIFE It is regularly pointed out – to the point of being a cliché – that one of the challenges of living within the present-day world is the disintegrating of conventional certainties and following disarray around what values to hold and what points to seek after. Aristotle talks around the extreme great being eudaimonia – a great life, a thriving life, a satisfied and beneficial life. As he himself recognizes, be that as it may, essentially naming it does not tell us much around what sorts of fixings are required for such a life, so he begins by considering different prevalent contenders – cash, victory, delight, connections.

Money and success Money is clearly as it were a implies to a conclusion; in this manner, it can’t be the greatest. On the other hand, Aristotle does not advocate a life of renunciation – a direct amount of fabric comforts is vital for our well-being. And a genuinely favored life would be anticipated by extraordinary hardship. Nevertheless, quality of life is really determined not by the circumstances of the person but what he makes out of them. Victory cannot moreover be considered the most elevated great since it is as well subordinate on a few other people’s sees. Honor isn't associated to any characteristics of the individual himself but how other individuals see him. Too, the degree of the person’s victory depends on the sort and bunch of the individuals who recognize the individual. Finally, the impulse of fortune has too an extraordinary impact on a person’s victory. It may not really speak to the complete worth of that individual.

Pleasure Pleasure is certainly not the greatest, and individuals whose primary intrigued lies in substantial joys are depicted as living ‘lives that are fit as it were for cattle’. But Aristotle closes up guarding joy in two ways: (a) indeed, simply substantial delights are great in control – we are encapsulated animals, and as well small appreciation of substantial joys can really ruin our interest of a great life. (b) there are different kinds of pleasures, and the best kind is that deriving from being involved in some worthwhile activity. Being pleasurable with the values in life is superior that appreciating joys. Take note the heading of the causal arrow within the figure. An Aristotle rule requires adjust between esteem and joy to achieve great life. Relationships Aristotle says that we’d be difficult driven to describe a person who is absolutely solitary as having a great life, and that no person would select to stay without friends, although they had all of the other goods. He recognized three types of relationships: 1. The pleasant and the ones based on mutual admiration. 2. The person is loved only insofar as s/he provides some good or pleasure; 3. The most solid and therefore most important. But we might include that the capacity to be alone is additionally imperative, which a few people may select isolation for the purpose of other interests, such as consideration.

Reason and Virtues The greatest for a human being is reason, since it is the characteristic human capacity, the one we don’t share with other creatures. There are diverse readings of this, but a conceivable one is that in show disdain toward of the truth that none of our capacities got to be rejected, the especially human ones need to be given an exceptional put. So, a great life got to certainly contain some fulfillments related with our natural nature, but our higher assets got to be given more significance.

What roughly our capacity to feel significant sentiments, to cherish, to be moved by craftsmanship, music, nature? We appear say – in an Aristotelian soul, I accept – that it’s the whole bundle (resources, sentiments, reason) that characterized us as human animals, and got in this way be regarded and created. But reason need to still keep hold of the reins.

3.1. THE PHILOSOPHIES BETWEEN THE GOOD AND RIGHT Right’ and ‘good’ are the two essential terms of ethical assessment. In common, something is ‘right’ in case it is ethically compulsory, though it is ethically ‘good’ on the off chance that it is worth having or doing and improves the life of those who have it. But living in a world encompassed by pleasurable belonging, most individuals of the present-day times would or maybe select anything that's great for them. It appears simple to get a handle on for the present-day individuals that having a great life is basically identical to getting what an individual need and needing what an individual has.

The restricted time of life here on soil can moreover be a pardon of a person to maintain a strategic distance from sitting around idly unwinding the thoughts from the old Greeks with respect to eudaimonia. In truth, how can a great life be considered “good” in case it is boundless and inaccessible. This concept almost great life is backed by the school of contemplations of Hedonism, Stoicism, Humanism, and Materialism.

HEDONISM The term "hedonism" is derived from the Greek "hedone" meaning simply "pleasure" the foremost critical interest of mankind, and the only thing that is good for an individual. It is a school of thought spearheaded by Epicurus. Pleasure seekers, hence, endeavor to maximize them add up to delight (the net of any delight less any torment or enduring), and believed believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life's goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. STOICISM Stoicism is a school of logic that hails from old Greece and Rome within the early parts of the 3rd century, BC and established in Athens by Zeno of Citium (advanced day Cyprus). The reasoning was outlined to assist individuals live their best conceivable lives. It’s a logic of life that maximizes positive feelings, diminishes negative feelings and makes a difference people to sharpen their excellencies of character. Stoicism was intentionally made to be justifiable, noteworthy and valuable. Practicing Stoicism doesn’t require learning a completely unused philosophical vocabulary or thinking for hours a day. Instep, it offers a quick, valuable and viable way to discover tranquility and make strides one’s qualities of character.

HUMANISM Humanism could be a Renaissance development in logic towards a more humancentered (and less religion-centered) approach. Humanism is more a common life position or state of mind that maintains human reason, morals and equity. Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374) commonly anglicized as Petrarch, father of Humanism. In his work Secretum meum he focuses out that mainstream accomplishments did not fundamentally block a true relationship with God. Petrarch contended instep that God had given people their endless mental and inventive potential to be utilized to their fullest. He motivated Humanist reasoning, which driven to the mental blossoming of the Renaissance. He accepted within the colossal ethical and viable esteem of the consider of old history and literature—that is, the think about of human thought and activity. Petrarch was an ardent Catholic and did not see a struggle between realizing humanity’s potential and having devout confidence.

MATERIALISM Materialism holds that the as it were thing that can be really demonstrated to exist is matter. In this way, concurring to Realism, all things are composed of fabric and all wonders are the result of fabric intelligent, with no bookkeeping of soul or awareness. Ancient Greek rationalists like Thales, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Democritus, and after, that afterward, Epicurus and Lucretius (99 - 55 B.C.) all prefigure afterward realists, and contributed towards the classic detailing of Realism. Lucretius composed "De Rerum Natura" ("The Nature of Things"), the primary magnum opus of realist writing, around 50 B.C.

Lesson 2 – When Technology and Humanity Cross INTRODUCTION It appears that the typical world of presence for human being is the world of technology. We alter the environment through innovation in such a way that it serves our needs and we create artifacts to compensate shortcomings of our body. In arrange to get it ourselves we got to get it way better the connection between human and innovation, and particularly innovative artifacts. There are different points of view from which one can approach the issue, and one of the foremost vital ones is how innovation impacts our ethical life.

According to Leonhard, the moment has come to face a debate that may now not be postponed, and also the debate must have a transparent place to begin, with human welfare and happiness at the middle of each decision-making and governance process. Thus, we are able to not waver between celebrating the industrial revolution and mourning a lost world. Leonhard gives voice to a series of doubts and questions that, in his opinion, should are addressed way back because the technology develops at an exponential rate and redefines the way we work, live and even think. Leonhard raises the points of Megashifts between man and technology we'll need to face, and providing food for thought on the long-standing debate on jobs in danger. But he warns us: there's an entire new set of critical issues, because technology is not any longer just redrawing our economy.

Presently is the time - and, as Leonhard never tires to remind us, “the last chance” - to connect the specks between huge information and advanced morals, to begin talking about the ethical system required to control the advancement of digital life, to bridge the hole between what innovation can do and what it ought to do to attain human bliss, and to reflect once more on what makes human creatures one of a kind. In brief, to rethink the part of humankind within the post-human world.

4.1. NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY

NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY The world technology comes from two Greek words techne and logos. Techne means art and craft and logos means word or utterance being expressed by a person. In the largest sense, innovation expands our capacities to alter the world: to cut, shape, or put together materials; to move things from one put to another; to reach more distant with our hands, voices, and senses. We utilize innovation to undertake to alter the world to suit us way better. The changes may relate to survival needs such as nourishment, shield, or defense, or they may relate to human goals such as information, craftsmanship, or control. But the comes about of changing the world are regularly complicated and eccentric. They can incorporate unforeseen benefits, unforeseen costs, and unforeseen risks—any of which may drop on distinctive social bunches at distinctive times. Expecting the impacts of innovation is subsequently as imperative as progressing its capabilities. Information, or strategy, is required not as it were for the generation of artifacts, but too for their utilize. Information is required both at the level of the person, in complex organizations, and at the level of society. The Austrian economist Joseph A. Schumpeter distinguished three important phases in technology development: invention, innovation, and diffusion.

Invention- is the primary exhibit of the foremost, physical achievability of a proposed unused arrangement that regularly offers no insights around conceivable applications in spite of the mechanical sentimentalism encompassing the inventor’s human inventiveness. Innovation- is characterized briefly by Mensch (1979:123) as the point when a “newly found fabric or a recently created strategy is being put into normal generation for the primary time, or when an organized showcase for the modern item is to begin with created”. A qualification is as often as possible made between process and item developments. Diffusion- is the far-reaching replication of an innovation and its digestion in a financial setting. Diffusion is the ultimate, and now and then painful, test of whether an advancement can make a specialty of it possess or successfully supplant existing hones and artifacts. Innovation accept significance only through its application (development) and ensuing far reaching replication (diffusion). In short, nothing could be more misleading than a simple linear model of knowledge and technology generation. To be successful, innovations must be continuously experimented with, and continuously modified and improved. SIMPLE MACHINES The word machine has origins in both the Greek and Roman languages. The Greek word ‘machos’ means ‘expedient’ or something that ‘makes work easy’. The Romans have an identical understanding of the word ‘machina’ which suggests ‘trick’ or ‘device’. the fundamental purpose that most straightforward machines are designed is to scale back the hassle (force) required to perform a straightforward task In spite of the fact that other machines are basic in plan, they were required some time recently people may reason into higher levels of innovation. The term ‘simple machine’ is commonly utilized by researchers to allude to one of six different devices which are frequently combined to create more complex machines. These are the simple machine

Wheel and axle. Combines a wheel with a central fixed axle which ensures that both must rotate together. A small force applied at the edge of the wheel is converted by rotation to a more powerful force at the smaller axle.

Lever. Comprises of a solid pillar that turns around a settled turn point (support) found some place along the pillar. Movement at one conclusion of the pillar comes about in movement at the other conclusion within the inverse course.

The wedge. Is used to convert a force applied in the direction of the wedge’s movement to a splitting action that acts at right angles to the blade. It is often used to split, cut or raise heavy objects depending on the angle of the sides of the wedge.

The screw. The rotation of a threaded shaft can be converted into movement in either direction along the axis of rotation depending on the direction of its spiral thread. A screw acts like an ‘incline plane’ that has been wound around a shaft. They are commonly used with gears or as a fastening mechanism.

Incline plane (ramp or staircase). Is commonly used to raise or lower heavy objects. The large movement of the object along the ramp is converted by the angle of the ramp’s elevation into a smaller vertical movement. Given the friction on the ramp is small, a reduced force is needed to raise a heavy object vertically although it must be moved a greater distance along the ramp to achieve this advantage.

Pulley. The use of a single fixed pulley and attached cord allows for a change in the direction of the force applied to an object. Although a single overhead pulley provides no mechanical advantage it may be helpful, for example, in allowing a lifting force to be better achieved by redirecting the force down towards the ground to raise an object. COMPOUND MACHINES Most of the more complex gadgets that we see or utilize each day are combinations of basic machines. A machine that's made of two or more simple machines is called a compound machine. In an awfully complex compound machine, such as a car, the simple machines may not be self-evident at to begin with. In any case, in the event that you see carefully at a compound machine, you ought to be able to distinguish shapes of levers, pulleys, and wheels and axles. Evolution of Television

The television counts among a handful of designs that most dramatically changed 20thcentury society. According from CNN in a 2016 survey conducted by media intelligence firm Kantar Media, 96.6 percent of Filipinos watch TV daily from 91.2 percent in 2014. Filipinos also spent longer time in front of their TV sets, devoting 3.7 hours to watching their favorite programs last year. Television has become one of the most common ways people view the larger world beyond them, as well as being one of the best ways for people to escape from the world. Thus, here are some interesting facts about the evolution of television. 1884 – The first electromechanical television was proposed and patented by Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow.

1888 – Liquid Crystals were accidentally discovered by Friedrich Reinitzer. 1897 – The first Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) was built by Karl Ferdinand Braun. 1925 – John Logie Baird was the inventor who built the world’s first working television system. 1928 – The world’s first successful color transmission by John Logie Baird. The color transmission was made using an electromechanical television system. 1928 – The first working electronic television (all-electronic) was built by Philo Taylor Farnsworth.

1936 – The world’s first analog high definition TV (HDTV or HD) regular service was started in Britain in 1936. 1964 – The first working liquid crystal display (LCD) was built by George H. Heilmeier. The original LCD displays were based on what is called dynamic scattering mode (DSM). 1964 – The first flat plasma display panel (PDP) was invented by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. 1972 – The first active-matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) panel was produced by Westinghouse. 1977 – The first true all LED flat panel television TV screen was developed by J. P. Mitchell.

1982 – Seiko introduces the world’s first LCD TV watch. 1982 – The first mass-produced pocket television was the Sony Watchman FD-210. ...