Module 4 Quiz - Key Concepts PDF

Preview

Summary

Key Concepts of weekly quizzes...

Description

1 Physical Assessment Mod 4 Quiz

Module 4 Quiz (Skin, hair & nails, Musculoskeletal, Assessment of Older Adult)

1-Cancerous skin changes: teach skin self-examination using ABCDE to detect suspicious lesions •A: asymmetry •B: border •C: color •D: diameter •E: elevation and enlargement 2-Primary skin lesions (initial): • Macules •Patches •Nodules •Tumors •Vesicles •Bullas

•Papules •Plaques •Wheals •Urticaria (Hives) •Cysts •Pustules

3-Secondary skin lesions (change in primary): ♢Debris on skin surface: •Crusts •Scales ♢Break in continuity of skin surface: •Fissures •Erosions •Ulcers •Excoriations •Scars •Atrophic scars •Lichenifications •Keloids 4-Abnormal changes in hair, skin, and nails – review at end of chapter •Pallor: anemia, shock, local arterial insufficiency, albinism, vitiligo •Cyanosis:  amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin. Central or peripheral •Erythema: hyperemia, polycythemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, venous stasis •Jaundice:  bilirubin,  carotene, uremia •Brown-Tan: Addison’s disease, Café-au-lait spots (d/t  melanin pigment in basal cell layer)

2 Physical Assessment Mod 4 Quiz

5-Edema Classification: accumulation of fluid under the skin often seen in the lower extremities •Pitting Edema: often due to fluid and is indicated by indentations when pressure is applied to the skin. Graded: 1+ to 4+ •Non-pitting edema 6-Scoliosis: lateral S shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine, usually involved w/ vertebrae rotation •Kyphosis: an exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback), causes significant back pain and limited mobility. Associated w/ age •Lordosis: pronounced lumber curvature 7-Grading of strength: -Test strength of prime mover muscle groups for each joint; repeat motions for active ROM. -Ask person to flex and hold as you apply opposing force -Muscle strength should be equal bilaterally and should fully resist opposing force •5: Full ROM against gravity, full resistance •4: Full ROM against gravity, some resistance •3: Full ROM with gravity •2: Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion) •1: Slight contraction •0: No contraction 8-Active vs Passive ROM: •Active: patient is able to move independently •Passive: -is if a person is unable to move independently -assess the extent that a joint can be moved if the client is unable to do the motion independently 9-Various musculoskeletal movements: •Flexion: bending limb at joint •Extension: straightening limb at joint •Abduction: moving limb away from midline of body •Adduction: moving limb toward midline of body •Pronation: turning forearm so that palm is down

3 Physical Assessment Mod 4 Quiz •Supination: turning forearm so that palm is up •Circumduction: moving arm in circle around shoulder 10-What are you inspecting and palpating for in musculoskeletal system – think your assessment: •Inspection: -Masses -Deformities -Color -Swelling •Palpation: -Tenderness (pain) -Heat -Masses -Swelling 11-Functional assessment of the older adult: basis for care planning, goal setting, and discharge planning. •ADLs: -Eating -Bathing -Grooming (washing, combing hair, shaving, cleaning teeth, dressing) -Toileting -Walking, including propelling a wheelchair, using stairs -Transferring, such as bed to chair •IADLs (Instrumental ADLs): goal of measuring functional necessary for independent community living -Shopping -Meal Preparation -Housekeeping -Laundry -Managing Finances -Taking meds -Using transportation ♢Measures task historically done by women •AADLs (Advanced ADLs): activities older adults perform as family member, member of society and community, including occupational and recreational activities -Self-care

4 Physical Assessment Mod 4 Quiz -Mobility -Work (paid or volunteer) -Recreational activities / hobbies -Socialization...