Module for Malaysia chapter 2 PDF

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This is a Bahasa introduction module with answers
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CHAPTER II SYSTEM OF THE MALAY LANGUAGE This chapter presents the spelling system of the Malay Language such as alphabets, vowels, diphthongs, consonants, nasals, colors and parts of the body.

At the end of the chapter, students shall be able to: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ILO 2.1 identify the system of Malaysian Language ILO 2.2 discuss the system of Malaysian Language ILO 2.3 analyze the system of Malaysian Language

A. THE SPELLING SYSTEM OF THE MALAY LANGUAGE

Aims and Learning Outcomes: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. identify the Malaysian alphabets, vowels, diphthongs, consonant and nasal as well as the correct pronunciation. 2. list down the Malaysian alphabets, vowels, diphthongs, consonant and nasal as well as the correct pronunciation. 3. create Malaysian alphabets, vowels, diphthongs, consonant and nasal as well as the correct pronunciation.

Malay Alphabet The Malay alphabet consists of 26 letters from the Latin alphabet, like the English alphabet, and is based on the Latin script. There are two different types of script used in Malay. One being the currently used one, and the Jawi script. Learning the Malay alphabet is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. Without it, you will not be able to say words properly even if you know how to write those words. The better you pronounce a letter in a word, the more understood you will be in speaking the Malay language. Below is a table showing the Malay alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word.

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 1

Malay Alphabet a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ng ny kh sy nng

English Sound [a] [b] [ʨ] [d] [ɛ] [f] [ɡ] [h] [i] [ʥ] [k] [l] [m] [n] [o] [p] [k] [r] [s] [t] [u] [f] [w] [ks] [j] [z] eng nye kha sya nng

Pronunciation Example as in father as in bay ch as in chay as in day as in elephant as in fine as in gold as in house 'ee' as in meat as in job as in kitchen as in life as in man as in nice as in olive as in pool as in kiss as in rice as in smile as in time 'oo' as in mood f as in free as in wind as in wax as in year as in Zulu as in hanging as in mañana as in th German bach as in shield as in bingo

Malaysian Vowels It is usually assumed that there are six vowels in Standard Malay and also Indonesian. These six vowels are shown in the table below. However, it is also possible to set up a system with other vowels, particularly the open-mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/.

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Table of vowel phonemes of Standard Malay FRONT CENTRAL BACK CLOSE i u CLOSE-MID ə o OPEN e a

Phonological notes: 1. Close vowels are close-mid in closed final syllables of root morphemes. 2. In open final syllables of root morphemes, /a/ is generally pronounced as [ə] in peninsular Malaysian and in Singapore and Sumatra but not in Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei or in Indonesian. This also happens to the penultimate syllable if it is followed by /h/ such as usaha [usəhə]. 3. The front vowel /e/ and back vowel /o/ may vary between different speakers as they are popularly pronounced as close-mid in Malaysian and mid in Indonesian. In closed final syllables of root morphemes, the front vowel /i/ and back vowel /u/ are usually pronounced as [e] and [o], respectively, in Malaysian (except East Malaysia) and Malay of Singapore and Sumatra (where the language is native), and [ ɪ] and [ʊ] in Indonesian; [e] and [o] are also allophones of /i/ and /u/ in closed final syllables in Malaysian, Singapore and Sumatra and [ɪ] and [ʊ] are allophones of /i/ and /u/ in Indonesian. [e] and [o] are distinct phonemes of other native words in all Malay dialects and in Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, English, Dutch, and Javanese loan words, and in foreign names. /i/ and /u/ are pronounced the same in Brunei and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). 4. One source of variation in Malay is whether final /a/ in words such as saya ('I') is pronounced as [a] or as [ə]. So called 'a-varieties' pronounce it as [a], while 'schwa-varieties' pronounce it as [ə]. 5. Some words borrowed from English have the vowels [ ɛ] and [ɔ], such as pek [pɛk] ('pack') and kos [kɔs] ('cost'). Words borrowed earlier have a more nativized pronunciation, such as pesta ('fest'), which is pronounced [pestə]. In Indonesian, [ɛ] and [ɔ] are allophones of /e/ and /o/ in closed final syllables. 6. Some district dialects differentiate close-mid and open-mid (front and back) vowels. Examples are in the Kedahan dialect: [modɛ] (modal) ('modal') [bɔrak] (bohong) ('lie') 7. [ɑ] is an occasional allophone of /a/ after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic words. Example: qari [qɑri]. 8. Some district dialects differentiate open front and back vowels. Example: [ɡulaː] Template: Inconsistent (gulai, the Perak River dialect). 9. /a/ does not change to [ə] in singing, though /u/ and /o/ regularly changes to [ɯ] and [ɤ] respectively in urban singing. For example, aku ('I') is sung as [akɯ]. Malaysian Diphthongs FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 3

Some analyses claim that Malay has three native diphthong phonemes only in open syllables; they are: /ai/: kedai ('shop'), pandai ('clever') /au/: kerbau ('buffalo') /oi/: dodoi, amboi Others assume that these "diphthongs" are actually a monophthong followed by an approximant, so ⟨ai⟩ represents /aj/, ⟨au⟩ represents /aw/, and ⟨oi⟩ represents /oj/. On this basis, there are no phonological diphthongs in Malay. Diphthong Sound

Example Word

Long I, long E Pie, slide Long O, long E Toy, coil Long O, ''oo'' sound Toe, float Long U, ''ur '' sound Pure, sure

Malaysian Consonant The consonants of Standard Malay and also Indonesian are shown below. Non-native consonants that only occur in borrowed words, principally from Arabic and English, are shown in parentheses. Some analyses list 19 "primary consonants" for Malay as the 18 symbols that are not in parentheses in the table as well as the glottal stop.

Nasal Plosive voiceles s voiced Fricativ voiceles e s voiced Approximant Trill

Labia l m p

Denta l

b (f)

(θ)

(v)

(ð)

Alveola r n t d s

Palata l ɲ tʃ

Velar ŋ k

dʒ (ʃ)

ɡ (x)

j

(ɣ) w

(z) l r

Glotta l (ʔ)

h

Nasal Assimilation Important in the derivation of Malay verbs and nouns is the assimilation of the nasal consonant at the end of the derivational prefixes meng- /məŋ/ 'verbal

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prefix' and peng- /pəŋ/ 'nominal prefix'. The nasal segment is dropped before sonorant consonants, the nasals /m, n, ɲ, ŋ/, the liquids /l, r/ and the approximants /w, j/. It is retained before and assimilates to obstruent consonants: labial /m/ before labial /p, b/, alveolar /n/ before alveolar /t, d/, postalveolar /ɲ/ before /tʃ, dʒ/ and /s/, and velar /ŋ/ before other sounds, velar /k, ɡ/ as well as /h/ and all vowels.

EXERCISE 1.1: IDENTIFICATION Instruction: Identify the Malaysian words and arrange in alphabetical order. 1. buaya, beruang, burung, belalang: Ans__ Belalang, beruang, buaya, burung. 2. kedekut, ketam, kelawar, kedua: Ans __ Kedekut,kedua, kelawar, ketam. 3. meselet, menteri, merpati, melarat: Ans__ Melarat, menteri, merpati, meselet 4. serabut, serigalah, sebentar, serbaguna: Ans __ Sebentar,serabut,serbaguna, serigalah.

5. lonngok, leher, luhur, lewa: Ans__ Leher, lewa, lonngok, luhur.

EXERCISE 1.2: IDENTIFICATION Instruction: List down Malaysian letters that has unlike sounds/pronunciation in English language. Example, letter “b” which pronounce as “bay”. FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 5

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

__ __ __ __ __

“Sy” which pronounce as “Shoe” (Kasut) “Ny” which pronounce as “Español” (español) “J” which pronounce as “Jar” (Jar) “K” which pronounce as “Key” (Kunci) “Y” which pronounce as “Yes” (Ya)

B. 5 Malay words with Malaysian vowels. 1. __ Hujan (Rain) 2. __ Enam (Six) 3. __ Reka (To create) 4. __ Tiga (Three) 5. __ Kosong (Empty) C. 5 Malay words with Malaysian diphthongs. 1. __ Saudara (Relative) 2. __ Haiwan (Animal) 3. __ Dodoi (Lullaby) 4. __ Ghairah (Passion) 5. __ Pandai (Clever)

EXERCISE 1.3: Create a conversation using the following Malaysian words/ language. Kindly connect the box on Column A and the box in Column B.

Column A

Column B

1. Ada yang dapat saya bantu?

a. Menyenangkan b. Saya ingin menginap di sini c. Pukul 05.00 saja, ya?

2. Bagaimana perjalanan Anda? 3. Jam berapa kita berangkat besok? 1. B 2. A 3. C

v

1. Ini daftar harganya.

a. Tidak. b. Coba saya lihat dulu. c. Ya, tetapi hanya sebentar

2. Tidak terlalu pagi? 3. Di sana hujan atau tidak. lay and Cu 6

1. B 2. A 3. C

1. Jadi, Anda mau yang mana?

a. Ya. b. Saya ambil kamar standar saja. c. Saya juga.

2. Jangan terlambat, ya. 3. Saya senang Anda datang.

1. B 2. A 3. C

1. Untuk berapa malam.

a. Tiga malam. b. Baiklah. c. Terima kasih.

2. Sampai bertemu di staiun. 3. Semoga Anda senang di sini

1. A 2. B 3. C

Create a conversation

One conversation Receptionist : Ada yang dapat saya bantu? Visitor 1 : Saya ingin menginap di sini

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 7

Visitor 2

: Bagaimana perjalanan Anda?

Visitor 1

: Menyenangkan

Visitor 2

: Jam berapa kita berangkat besok

Visitor 1

: Pukul 05.00 saja, ya?

Visitor 2

: Tidak terlalu pagi?

Visitor 1

: Tidak.

Receptionist : Ini daftar harganya. Visitor 1

: Coba saya lihat dulu.

Visitor 2

: Di sana hujan atau tidak.

Visitor 1

: Ya, tetapi hanya sebentar

Receptionist : Jadi, Anda mau yang mana? Visitor 1 : Saya ambil kamar standar saja. Visitor 2 Visitor 1 Visitor 2 Visitor 1

: Jangan terlambat, ya. : Ya : Saya senang Anda datang. : Saya juga.

Receptionist Visitor 1 Visitor 2 Visitor 1 Receptionist Visitor 1

: Untuk berapa malam. : Tiga malam. : Sampai bertemu di staiun. : Baiklah. : Semoga Anda senang di sini : Terima kasih.

Two Conversations A Receptionist : Ada yang dapat saya bantu? Visitor : Saya ingin menginap di sini

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 8

Receptionist : Ini daftar harganya. Visitor

: Coba saya lihat dulu.

Receptionist : Jadi, Anda mau yang mana? Visitor : Saya ambil kamar standar saja. Receptionist Visitor Receptionist Visitor

: Untuk berapa malam. : Tiga malam. : Semoga Anda senang di sini : Terima kasih.

B Ahmad

: Bagaimana perjalanan Anda?

Malik

: Menyenangkan

Ahmad

: Jam berapa kita berangkat besok

Malik

: Pukul 05.00 saja, ya?

Ahmad

: Tidak terlalu pagi?

Malik

: Tidak.

Ahmad

: Di sana hujan atau tidak.

Malik

: Ya, tetapi hanya sebentar

Ahmad Malik Ahmad Malik

: Jangan terlambat, ya. : Ya : Saya senang Anda datang. : Saya juga.

Ahmad Malik Ahmad Malik

: Sampai bertemu di staiun. : Baiklah. : Semoga Anda senang di sini : Terima kasih.

B. MALAYSIAN COLORS

Aims and Learning Outcomes: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. identify the Malaysian colors. 2. discuss the Malaysian colors. FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 9

English Putih Hitam Merah Kuning Hijau Biru Coklat Oren

Bahasa Malay White Black Red Yellow Green Blue Brown Orange

Example: The Malaysian flag Picture a rectangle with 14 red and white alternating stripes and a dark blue square in the top left–hand corner. The lines represent the 13 states of Malaysia and the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putra Jaya. Inside the square, the blue symbolizes the harmony of Malaysian people, is a vertical half-moon and a star. The ‘C’-shaped moon signifies Islam. Each point on the 14-point star represents each of the Malaysian states and Federal territory in the same way as the stripes.

EXERCISE 2.1: IDENTIFICATION Instruction: Identify the color of the given objects using Bahasa Malay.

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and Culture 10

HIJAU

HITAM

KUNING

OREN

COKLAT

BIRU

HIJAU

MERAH

PUTIH

EXERCISE 2.2: ESSAY Instruction: Color the given Malaysian Flag and discuss the characteristics of the Flag using Malaysian Language.

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 11

Bendera Malaysia mengandungi 14 jalur merah dan putih (melintang) yang sama lebar bermula dengan jalur merah di sebelah atas dan berakhir dengan jalur putih di sebelah bawah, tanda keanggotaan yang sama dalam persekutuan 13 buah negeri dan 1 kerajaan persekutuan - Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Pulau Pinang, Perak,Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor dan Terengganu dan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Bintang pecah 14 itu tanda perpaduan 13 buah negeri dan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Merah: Semangat waja, Kegigihan, Kesediaan,Keberanian, dan keberanian. Putih: Tanda kesucian, kejujuran dan keluhuran. Kuning: warna Diraja bagi Duli-duli Yang Maha Mulia Raja-raja. Biru: tanda Agama Islam -agama rasmi bagi Persekutuan dan Perpaduan rakyat Malaysia. Kuning: kuning bintang dan bulan sabit adalah warna kerajaan raja-raja Melayu

English Translation… [ The Malaysia Flag contains 14 red and white stripes (horizontal) of equal width starting with the red stripe at the top and ending with the white stripe at the bottom, marks the same membership in the federation of 13 states and 1 federal government - Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu and the Federal FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 12

Government. The 14-pointed star is a sign of the unity of 13 states and the Federal Government. Red: The spirit of armor; Persistence; Willingness; Valiance and boldness. White: A sign of purity, honesty and nobility. Yellow: Royal color for His Majesty the Kings. Blue: a sign of Islam - the official religion of the Federation and the unity of Malaysian People] Yellow: the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal color of the Malay rulers]

+ On the other way to define, the image below will.

C. THE MALAYSIAN PARTS OF THE BODY

Aims and Learning Outcomes:

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 13

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. identify the Malaysian parts of the body. 2. construct a sentences using Malaysian parts of the body. Now let's learn how to say the body parts (anggota badan) in Malay. We start from the above to the bottom. English Malay _________________________________________________________________ Hair rambut Forehead dahi Eyebrow kening Eye mata Ear telinga Nose hidung Cheek pipi Mouth mulut Teeth gigi Tongue lidah Dimple lesung pipit Chin dagu Neck Shoulder Chest Nipples Body Armpit Arm Elbow Hand Palm Finger Thumb

leher bahu dada puting badan ketiak (spelled ketiyak) lengan siku tangan tapak tangan jari ibu jari

Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Baby/pinky finger Nail Stomach Belly button Butts Thigh

jari telunjuk jari tengah or Jari hantu jari manis jari kelingking kuku perut pusat perut punggung peha

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 14

Calf Legs Toes Sole

betis kaki jari kaki tapak kaki

These samples show how body parts are used in Malay. You will learn how to use nouns (parts of the body) with adjectives and prepositions (such as the preposition "with"). She has beautiful eyes: Dia mempunyai mata yang cantik You hear with your ears: Kamu mendengar dengan telinga We see with our eyes: Kita melihat dengan mata I smell with my nose: Saya menghidu dengan hidung He feels with his hand: Dia merasa dengan tangannya She tastes with her tongue: Dia mengecap dengan lidahnya

EXERCISE 3.1: IDENTIFICATION

FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 15

Instruction: Identify the parts of the body below and write it in Malaysian Language. Write your answer on the blanks provided.

1

2

3

5

7

14

13

15

9 17

10 1. _BAHU 6. __JARI TELUNJUK 11. 16. _KENING 7. __LENGAN 8. __LIDAH 9. __GIGI 10. _HIDUNG

12. _MULUT 13. _TELINGA 14. _LEHER 1.5 _DAGU

18

11

17. _MATA 18. _SIKU 19. _BIBIR 20. _DAHI

EXERCISE 3.2: Construct a sentence by describing at least 10 features of your body using Bahasa Malay. Example: Mata Saya Cantik (My eyes is beautiful).

1. Dia punya rambut yang hitam (He has black hair) 2. Hidung saya mancung (My nose is pointed) 3. Dia memiliki dagu yang lancip (She has sharp chin) 4. Bibir saya tebal (My lips are thick) 5. Gigi dia terlihat putih (She’s teeth looks white) 6. Saya punya bahu yang lebar (I have width shoulder) 7. Lengan dia kuat (his hands are strong) 8. Kuku saya bersih (My nails are clean) FLC 2a- Introduction to Bahasa Malay and Culture 16

16 8

6

_RAMBUT 2._JARI KAKI 3._BETIS 4._LEGS 5._KUKU

4

19 12

20

9. LIdah saya berwarna merah muda (My tounge is pink) 10. Dia mempunyai paha yang besar (she has big chalf

SUMMATIVE TEST FOR CHAPTER TWO Test I. TRUE or FALSE. Identify the correct answer by placing a T on the line if you think a statement is TRUE and Place an F on the line if you think the statement is FALSE. T__ 1. Language is not thought, but language is interconnected with thought. T__ 2. v and x are only used in loanwords. T__ 3. No word is inherently, naturally obscene, profane, or abusive because context determines how words will be perceived. T__ 4. Connotations are the source of most signal reactions. T__ 5. Modern Jawi spelling is based on the Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu. T___ 6. Jawi is same as Arabic. T__ 7. There are 29 letter in jawi alphabet. F__ 8. Jawi is written from left to right. T__ 9. There are 34 alphabets in Malay Language with 24 of them being original and the rest were from other languages. T__ 10. Many Arabic characters are not the same as Jawi writing. T__ 11. Six out of 24 in Malay Language are vowels and 18 are consonants. T__ 12. Vowel in Malaysian Language has three types. T__ 13. Vowel at the front (/i,e,a/), vowel at the center (/ ǝ/) and vowel at the back (/u,o/). T__ 14. Today, Jawi is an official script of Brunei. T__ 15. In Malaysia, Jawi is used for religious and cultural administration in the states of Terengganu, Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis, Penang, Pahang and Johor. T__ 16. Diphthongs long or short vowels. T__ 17. When Islam arrived in Southeast Asia during the 14th century, the ___ T__18. Arabic script was adapted to write the Malay language. T__ 19. In the 17th century, under influ...